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Gear unit [1]
Gearbox 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 1
Power flow data gear unit
Torque Rotational speed Power Type Torsion
Sym. Tsc n P φtors
Unit Nm 1/min W - °
Steg [4] Belastung [27] 716197.24 20.00 1500000.00 Input 0.20
Shaft [67] Load [82] 11387.07 1224.69 1460381.92 Output 0.00
Table 1
Local methods and excitation in cylindrical gear stages
Maximum Hertzian pressure
Maximum line load
Maximum sliding velocity
Maximum flash temperature
Maximum tooth root stress - compression
Minimum safety against micro pitting
Minimum specific lubricant film thickness
Maximum transmission deviation
Maximum force excitation
Excitation level
Sym. pmax Wmax vg,max θfl,max σFcomp,max Sλ,min
Unit N/mm² N/mm m/s °C N/mm² -- -- µm N dB
Cylindrical stage [57] Cylindrical gear [60] 1107.23 1205.27 2.28 134.86 - 0.19 0.19 2.0 15101.08 26.24
Cylindrical gear [61] -
Cylindrical stage [66] Cylindrical gear [69] 787.10 690.67 4.07 143.75 - 0.41 0.41 1.5 6326.67 23.28
Cylindrical gear [70] -
Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Sonnenrad [22] 841.08 665.98 0.62 124.46 - 0.08 0.08 1.8 16407.90 25.11
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] -
Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 240.0° [98] Sonnenrad [22] 841.33 666.49 0.62 124.48 - 0.08 0.08 1.8 16393.81 25.10
Planetenrad @ 240.0° [128] -
Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 120.0° [99] Sonnenrad [22] 841.18 665.99 0.62 124.47 - 0.08 0.08 1.8 16424.55 25.12
Planetenrad @ 120.0° [129] -
Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] 383.72 723.81 0.16 93.17 - 0.18 0.18 2.6 30457.54 31.20
Hohlrad [24] -
Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 240.0° [107] Planetenrad @ 240.0° [128] 379.48 711.36 0.16 93.10 - 0.19 0.18 2.5 29928.56 30.86
Hohlrad [24] -
Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 120.0° [108] Planetenrad @ 120.0° [129] 384.89 727.76 0.16 93.19 - 0.18 0.18 2.7 30809.74 31.30
Hohlrad [24] -
Table 2
Safety Factors acc. to ISO 6336 (2006)
Version ISO 6336 Application factor Face load factor flank Flank safety factor Root safety factor
Sym. KA KHβ SH SF
Unit - - - - -
Cylindrical stage [57] Cylindrical gear [60] ISO 6336 (2006) 1.25 1.33 1.480 2.669
Cylindrical gear [61] 1.422 2.752
Cylindrical stage [66] Cylindrical gear [69] ISO 6336 (2006) 1.25 1.36 1.398 2.257
Cylindrical gear [70] 1.353 2.272
Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Sonnenrad [22] ISO 6336 (2006) 1.25 1.14 1.558 3.886
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] 1.642 3.881
Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 240.0° [98] Sonnenrad [22] ISO 6336 (2006) 1.25 1.14 1.558 3.886
Planetenrad @ 240.0° [128] 1.642 3.881
Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 120.0° [99] Sonnenrad [22] ISO 6336 (2006) 1.25 1.14 1.558 3.886
Planetenrad @ 120.0° [129] 1.642 3.881
Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] ISO 6336 (2006) 1.25 1.29 3.405 3.596
Hohlrad [24] 1.674 2.975
Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 240.0° [107] Planetenrad @ 240.0° [128] ISO 6336 (2006) 1.25 1.29 3.405 3.596
Hohlrad [24] 1.674 2.975
Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 120.0° [108] Planetenrad @ 120.0° [129] ISO 6336 (2006) 1.25 1.29 3.405 3.596
Hohlrad [24] 1.674 2.975
Table 3
Efficiency & Power loss
Start Animation
Figure 2
Power loss and efficiency
Sym. Gear unit [1] Unit
Efficiency η 97.48 %
Total power loss PV 37853.4 W
Total load-dependent gear losses PVZP 30967.5 W
Total load-independent gear losses PVZ0 24.0 W
Rolling bearing power loss, load-dependent PVLP 4038.939 W
Total power loss sealings PVD - W
Total losses planet carrier PVST - W
Table 4
Bearing Lifetimes
Position of bearing inner side
Catalogue name
Manufacturer
Bearing type
Rotational speed
Dynamic radial load rating
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007)
Maximum pressure on inner ring
Viscosity ratio
Static safety (ISO 76 2019)
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007)
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018)
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018)
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018)
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008)
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF)
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF)
Sym. n CR Peq pmax,i κ Sstat L10h L10h Lnmh Lnmh Lnmrh,EP L10rh Lnmrh
Unit mm - - - U/min N N N/mm² - - h h h h h h h
Steg [4] Rolling bearing [25] 270.00 SL1818/500-E INA Cylindrical roller bearing - 980000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Steg [6] Rolling bearing [41] 160.00 315837 SKF Cylindrical roller bearing - 605000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Shaft [42] Rolling bearing [55] 44.00 BT2B 328876/HA1 FVA Tapered roller bearing - 3140000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Rolling bearing [56] 750.00 BT2B 328876/HA1 FVA Tapered roller bearing - 3140000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Shaft [58] Rolling bearing [77] 90.00 32240 J2 FVA Tapered roller bearing - 1265000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Rolling bearing [78] 818.00 32244 J2 FVA Tapered roller bearing - 1575000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Shaft [67] Rolling bearing [79] 75.00 NNF 5038 ADA-2LSV FVA Cylindrical roller bearing - 1130000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Rolling bearing [80] 811.00 7236 BCAM FVA Angular contact ball bearing - 291000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Rolling bearing [81] 863.00 7236 BCAM FVA Angular contact ball bearing - 291000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Planetenwelle @ 0.0° [124] Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] 151.30 NCF 3056 CV SKF Cylindrical roller bearing - 1570000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] 371.30 NCF 3056 CV SKF Cylindrical roller bearing - 1570000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Planetenwelle @ 240.0° [125] Planetenlager @ 240.0° [116] 151.30 NCF 3056 CV SKF Cylindrical roller bearing - 1570000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Planetenlager @ 240.0° [119] 371.30 NCF 3056 CV SKF Cylindrical roller bearing - 1570000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Planetenwelle @ 120.0° [126] Planetenlager @ 120.0° [117] 151.30 NCF 3056 CV SKF Cylindrical roller bearing - 1570000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Planetenlager @ 120.0° [120] 371.30 NCF 3056 CV SKF Cylindrical roller bearing - 1570000 - - - - - - - - - - -
Table 5
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743 (2012)
Notch form Bore radius (cross-bore) Shaft safety against fatigue fracture Shaft safety against plastic deformation Safety against cracking, shaft
Sym. rL SD SF SA
Unit - mm - - -
Viscosity temperature diagram
Start Animation
Figure 3
Density temperature diagram
Start Animation
Figure 4
Casing [2]
FE mesh characteristics
Planetary stage [9]
Overview of shafts in the planetary stage
Start Animation
Figure 5
Zweiwangiger Planetenträger [3]
Planetary carrier 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 6
FE mesh characteristics
Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97]
Cylindrical stage 3D image
Figure 7
DIN 3960 - Main geometry
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Normal pressure angle αn 20.00000 °
Helix angle at reference diameter β 7.35000 -7.35000 °
Number of teeth z 19 35 -
Center distance a 500.000 mm
Normal module mn 18.00000 18.00000 mm
Transverse module mt 18.14913 18.14913 mm
Addendum modification coeff. x 0.350000 0.243297 -
Face width b 450.000 440.000 mm
Tip diameter da 393.433 679.978 mm
Transverse contact ratio εα 1.409 -
Overlap contact ratio εβ 0.995 -
Total contact ratio εγ 2.404 -
Table 6
Tooth contact
Figure 8
Tooth engagement analysis (Root driving / Tip driven gear)
Figure 9
Tooth engagement analysis (Root driven / Tip driving gear)
Figure 10
DIN 3960 - Diameters
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Pitch diameter dw 351.852 648.148 mm
Reference diameter d 344.833 635.219 mm
Base diameter db 323.723 596.331 mm
Form diameter of addendum dFa 391.433 677.978 mm
Tooth tip chamfer (radial amount) hK 1.000 1.000 mm
Effective tip diameter dNa 391.433 677.978 mm
Effective root diameter dNf 331.043 620.568 mm
Form diameter of dedendum dFf 330.969 615.517 mm
Form allowance cn 0.037 2.526 mm
Root undercut qFs 0.250 0.315 mm
Measuring diameter root undercut dFs 326.178 615.517 mm
Root diameter df 312.008 598.401 mm
Table 7
DIN 3960 - Tool data preliminary tool
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Tool 1 Fräser/rack [289] Fräser/rack [289] -
Normal module (preliminary tool) mn0 - - mm
Normal pressure angle (preliminary tool) αn0 - - °
Radial amount of tip round (cutter pinion) hrho - - mm
Utilized dedendum diameter (preliminary tool) dFf0 - - mm
Generating addendum modification coefficient (preliminary) xE - - -
Table 8
Forces and moments in the system
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Resulting axial force in u-direction Fax,u -94177.29 -56.03 N
Resulting radial force in v-direction Frad,v -2.75 477462.43 N
Resulting radial force in w-direction Frad,w -1.63 -181.29 N
Resulting moment around v axis Mv -0.07 -20365.27 Nm
Resulting moment around w axis Mw -0.01 -0.00 Nm
Table 9
Deviation and tilting in the system
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Displacement in u-direction Δu -13.3 -17.5 µm
Displacement in v-direction Δv -2.6 -308.7 µm
Displacement in w-direction Δw -13.8 -4.1 µm
Tilting around the v-axis Δφv -5.16e-06 -0.000263 rad
Tilting around the w-axis Δφw 7.29e-06 0.000131 rad
Table 10
DIN 3960 - Tool data finishing tool
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Tool 2 - - -
Normal module (finishing tool) mn0 18.000 18.000 mm
Normal pressure angle (finishing tool) αn0 20.00 20.00 °
Radial value of tip radius of pinion-type cutter hρ - - mm
Utilized dedendum diameter (finishing tool) dFf0 - - mm
Generating addendum modification coefficient (finished) xE 0.338171 0.227270 -
Table 11
ISO 6336 Load capacity
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Version ISO 6336 ISO 6336 (2006) -
Nominal power P 499.55 -249.78 kW
Torque T 41961.56 77297.62 Nm
Nominal speed n 113.68 -30.86 1/min
Service life LH 100000.0 100000.0 h
Load factors -
Application factor KA 1.25 -
Dynamic factor Kv 1.01 -
Transverse load factor flank KHα 1.30 -
Face load factor flank KHβ 1.14 -
Pitting capacity -
Tooth contact factor pinion ZB 1.000 -
Tooth contact factor wheel ZD 1.000 -
Auxiliary factor for contact factors fZCa - -
Zone factor ZH 2.300 -
Elastic factor ZE 191.646 √N/mm²
Contact ratio factor Zε 0.843 -
Helix angle factor Zβ 1.004 -
Lubricant factor ZL 0.966 -
Roughness factor ZR 0.999 -
Velocity factor flank Zv 0.962 -
Work hardening factor ZW 1.000 -
Size factor ZX 1.00 1.00 -
Life factor (standard conditions) ZNT 0.898 0.946 -
Contact stress (nominal value) σH0 587.2 N/mm²
Hertzian contact stress (B...D) σH 802.2 802.0 N/mm²
Endurance limit flank σHlim 1500.0 1500.0 N/mm²
Allowable contact stress σHP 1249.7 1317.0 N/mm²
Flank safety factor SH 1.558 1.642 -
Safety factor (torque) SHMo 2.427 2.696 -
Bending capacity -
Form factor YF 1.554 1.584 -
Load distribution influence factor fε - -
Helix angle factor Yβ 0.939 -
Deep tooth factor YDT 1.000 -
Size factor YX 0.87 0.87 -
Relative surface condition factor YRrelT 0.957 0.957 -
Life factor (standard conditions) YNT 0.881 0.912 -
Root stress (nominal value) σF0 94.6 98.1 N/mm²
Tooth root stress σF 174.4 180.8 N/mm²
Endurance limit for tooth root σFlim 461.0 461.0 N/mm²
Allowable tooth root stress σFP 677.6 701.8 N/mm²
Root safety factor SF 3.886 3.881 -
Table 12
ISO 6336-22 - Table safety factor
Sym. Unit
Points on the contact path -
Local Hertzian contact stress pdyn N/mm²
Nom. Hertzian cont. stress pH N/mm²
Distance of point Y from point A g mm
Flash temperature θfla °C
Contact temperature θB °C
Press.-visco. coeff. at loc. cont. temp. αθB mm²/N
Dynamic viscosity at locol contact temperature ηθB Ns/m²
Density of lubr. at loc. cont. temp. ρθB kg/m³
Kin. visco. at loc. cont. temp. νθB mm²/s
Load sharing factor X --
Buttressing factor Xbut --
Local load parameter W --
Velocity parameters U --
Sliding parameter SGF --
Lubricant film thickness h µm
Loc. Spec. lubr. film thickness λGF --
Safety factor against micropitting Sλ --
Sum of tangential velocities vΣ m/s
Local sliding velocity vg m/s
Local tangential velocity (Sonnenrad [22]) vr m/s
Local tangential velocity (Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]) vr m/s
Norm. rad. of rel. curvature ρn mm
Transv. rad. of rel. curvature ρt mm
Transv. radius of curvature (Sonnenrad [22]) ρt mm
Transv. radius of curvature (Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]) ρt mm
Diameter at contact point min. required safety factor (Sonnenrad [22]) d mm
Diameter at contact point min. required safety factor (Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]) d mm
ISO 6336-22 - Safety against micropitting
ISO/TS 6336-20/-21:2017 - Flash temperature method
ISO/TS 6336-20/-21:2017 - Integral temperature method
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth flank capacity (left flank)
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Safety factor (spectrum) pitting - left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,l - - -
Static safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,stat,l - - -
Long life safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,long,l - - -
Miner sum safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) UH,l,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) UH,scaled,l - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) NH,scaled,l - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) iH,l - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) iH,scaled,l - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth flank capacity (right flank)
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Safety factor (spectrum) pitting - right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,r - - -
Static safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,stat,r - - -
Long life safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,long,r - - -
Miner sum safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) UH,r,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) UH,scaled,r - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles against pitting - right flank (ISO 6336) NH,scaled,r - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) iH,r - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) iH,scaled,r - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth root capacity (left flank)
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Safety factor (spectrum) bending - left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,l - - -
Static safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,stat,l - - -
Long life safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,long,l - - -
Miner sum safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) UF,l,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) UF,scaled,l - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) NF,scaled,l - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) iF,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) iF,l - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth root capacity (right flank)
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Safety factor (spectrum) bending - right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,r - - -
Static safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,stat,r - - -
Long life safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,long,r - - -
Miner sum safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) UF,r,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) UF,scaled,r - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) NF,scaled,r - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) iF,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) iF,r - - -
AGMA 2101-C95/D04 - Load capacity
VDI 2736 (2014) - Tooth flank load-carrying capacity
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Poisson's ratio ν - - -
Modulus of elasticity E - - N/mm²
Elasticity factor ZE - √N/mm²
Zone factor ZH - -
Contact ratio factor - flank Zε - -
Helix angle factor Zβ - -
Circumferential force at the reference circle Ft - N
Factor for tooth flank stress KH - -
Common tooth width bw - mm
Flank pressure σH - N/mm²
Rolling contact fatigue strength σHlimN - - N/mm²
Roughness factor ZR - -
Minimum tooth flank safety SHmin - - -
Permissible flank pressure σHP - - N/mm²
Tooth flank safety SH - - -
Tooth flank safety relative to moment SHmo - - -
VDI 2736 (2014) - Tooth root load-carrying capacity
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Factor for tooth root stress KF - -
Form factor YFa - - -
Stress correction factor (strength) YSa - - -
Contact ratio factor - root Yε - -
Helix angle factor Yβ - -
Circumferential force at the reference circle Ft - N
Facewidth for tooth root stress bFuß - - mm
Tooth root stress σF - - N/mm²
Fatigue strength under pulsating stress σFlimN - - N/mm²
Stress correction factor YSt - - -
Tooth root strength limit σFG - - N/mm²
Minimum tooth root safety SFmin - - -
Permissible tooth root stress σFP - - N/mm²
Tooth root safety SF - - -
Load distribution
Figure 11
Deformation gear 1 / gear 2
Figure 12
Form mesh topology
Figure 13
Modification proposal
Figure 14
Tooth deflection
Bending deflection (Sonnenrad [22])
Bending deflection (Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127])
Torsional deflection (Sonnenrad [22])
Torsional deflection (Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127])
Applied tooth modification
Tooth spring deflection
Total tooth deflection
Sym.
Unit µm µm µm µm µm µm µm
1 4.0 0.0 59.5 0.0 35.3 43.5 134.9
2 3.7 5.6 59.1 0.0 30.1 43.6 134.9
3 3.5 11.2 58.3 0.0 25.5 43.7 134.9
4 3.3 16.8 57.1 0.0 21.3 43.7 134.9
5 3.0 22.2 55.4 0.0 17.8 43.7 134.8
6 2.8 28.0 53.4 0.0 14.7 43.3 134.8
7 2.6 33.8 50.9 0.0 12.2 42.6 134.8
8 2.4 39.6 48.0 0.0 10.2 41.9 134.7
9 2.1 45.3 44.8 0.0 8.7 41.1 134.7
10 1.9 51.0 41.2 0.1 7.8 40.1 134.6
11 1.7 56.6 37.2 0.1 7.3 39.0 134.6
12 1.4 62.1 32.9 0.1 7.5 37.8 134.5
13 1.2 67.6 28.2 0.2 8.1 36.5 134.5
14 1.0 73.2 23.2 0.2 9.3 34.9 134.4
15 0.7 79.0 17.8 0.3 11.0 32.8 134.3
16 0.5 84.8 12.2 0.3 13.2 30.5 134.2
17 0.2 90.6 6.2 0.3 16.0 28.1 134.1
18 0.0 96.3 0.0 0.3 19.3 25.4 134.0
Table 13
Recommended tip relief acc. to SIGG (AGMA Paper 109.16, 1965)
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Amount of modification -
Amount of tip relief at start of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,A 31.3 µm
Amount of tip relief at end of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,E 26.3 µm
Begin of modification -
Start of the short tip relief in mm of the diameter 379.563 - mm
Start of the long tip relief in mm of the diameter 368.610 - mm
Start of the short root relief in mm of the diameter 336.302 - mm
Start of the long root relief in mm of the diameter 342.878 - mm
Table 14
Recommended tip relief acc. to SIGG (AGMA Paper 109.16, 1965)
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Sonnenrad [22] Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Amount of modification -
Amount of tip relief at start of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,A 31.3 µm
Amount of tip relief at end of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,E 26.3 µm
Length of modification in mm path of contact -
Length of the short tip relief in mm of the path of engagement 10.942 mm
Length of the long tip relief in mm of the path of contact 21.883 mm
Length of the short root relief in mm of the path of contact 10.942 mm
Length of the long root relief in mm of the path of contact 21.883 mm
Length of modification in % path of contact -
Length of the short tip relief in % of the path of contact 14.5 %
Length of the long tip relief in % of the path of contact 29.0 %
Length of the short root relief in % of the path of contact 14.5 %
Length of the long root relief in % of the path of contact 29.0 %
Diameter for beginn of tip relief -
Start of the short tip relief in mm of the diameter 379.563 - mm
Start of the long tip relief in mm of the diameter 368.610 - mm
Start of the short root relief in mm of the diameter 336.302 - mm
Start of the long root relief in mm of the diameter 342.878 - mm
Lengt of modification in mm rolling path -
Table 15
Local results on 3D tooth flank
Figure 15
Load distribution
Figure 16
Load distribution (contour plot)
Figure 17
Pressure distribution
Figure 18
Pressure distribution (contour plot)
Figure 19
Pressungsverteilung
Pressure distribution
Gear width
0.00 88.00 132.00 176.00 220.00 264.00 308.00 352.00 396.00 440.00
Path of contact
 0.00 418.83 532.12 539.49 532.54 524.41 505.16 467.44 413.90 326.86 248.75
8.38 496.69 513.66 509.21 499.84 490.03 478.61 465.71 436.51 389.98 338.52
12.57 555.01 564.32 554.13 542.99 533.30 519.93 506.48 483.23 440.53 390.10
16.76 604.75 604.81 599.60 582.52 570.96 557.36 542.63 520.38 483.68 433.39
20.95 647.01 641.37 632.81 620.04 603.54 589.25 573.62 550.05 515.46 467.31
25.14 679.50 671.31 663.63 647.88 632.41 614.96 598.84 574.64 536.76 489.23
29.33 700.99 695.26 687.86 672.90 656.41 636.96 618.63 592.60 553.47 498.02
33.52 717.20 711.08 705.75 691.33 675.39 654.52 632.78 605.93 564.34 501.34
37.70 727.90 718.56 717.09 703.09 687.45 666.89 643.08 612.62 567.15 497.94
41.89 732.28 718.37 718.83 709.12 692.70 672.91 650.05 615.09 565.08 486.59
46.08 731.53 711.88 712.02 706.69 692.14 672.18 649.93 616.03 558.76 468.15
50.27 727.04 701.24 699.55 691.77 685.72 665.32 643.09 609.40 549.40 443.63
54.46 720.22 684.27 681.72 672.91 665.50 656.12 629.69 595.91 532.91 413.36
58.65 709.44 662.44 658.52 648.69 639.73 627.68 614.23 575.08 508.36 372.30
62.84 693.15 636.63 629.86 619.06 608.08 593.27 579.27 547.46 474.39 316.10
67.03 675.54 609.32 597.55 583.63 570.55 554.48 536.34 508.71 429.99 237.06
71.22 727.45 599.96 584.10 563.09 542.25 521.23 493.90 450.57 388.05 111.45
75.41 884.39 705.49 675.54 633.36 592.04 546.49 497.82 415.19 266.32 78.93
Table 16
Mesh topology
Figure 20
3D modification proposal
Figure 21
Transmission deviation spectrum
Figure 22
3D transmission error
Figure 23
Load capacity ISO 6336 part 22 - local micropitting calculation
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Mean friction coefficient νm 0.05 -
Bulk temperature (micropitting) θM 92.02 °C
Material factor WW 1.00 -
Permissible specific lubricant film thickness λGfP 0.99 -
Specific lubricant film thickness λGf 0.08 -
Safety factor against micropitting Sλ 0.08 -
Table 17
Flash temperature distribution
Figure 24
Safety against micropitting (contour plot)
Figure 25
Sliding speed
Figure 26
3D specific lubricant film thickness
Figure 27
Stress at the highest loaded tangent (Coast side)
Maximum stresses above the tooth engagement (Coast side)
Campbell Diagram
Eigenvalue calculation - evaluation of critical operating points
Campbell - Is natural frequency critical Campbell - Rotational speeds Campbell - Natural frequencies Campbell - Dominant form of eigenmodes Campbell - meshing orders
Sym. 0-false, 1-true 0-Torsion, 1-Lateral, 2-Axial, 3-Mixed
Unit -- 1/min 1/s -- --
Dynamic tooth mesh stiffness
Sym. Stufe (Sonne-Planet) @ 0.0° [97] Unit
Dynamic mesh stiffness cγ_dyn User input -
Dynamic mesh stiffness cγ_dyn - N/(mm·µm)
Table 18
Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106]
Cylindrical stage 3D image
Figure 28
DIN 3960 - Main geometry
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Normal pressure angle αn 20.00000 °
Helix angle at reference diameter β -7.35000 7.35000 °
Number of teeth z 35 -89 -
Center distance a -500.000 mm
Normal module mn 18.00000 18.00000 mm
Transverse module mt 18.14913 18.14913 mm
Addendum modification coeff. x 0.243297 -0.836594 -
Face width b 440.000 450.000 mm
Tip diameter da 679.978 -1609.390 mm
Transverse contact ratio εα 1.581 -
Overlap contact ratio εβ 0.995 -
Total contact ratio εγ 2.576 -
Table 19
Tooth contact
Figure 29
Tooth engagement analysis (Root driving / Tip driven gear)
Figure 30
Tooth engagement analysis (Root driven / Tip driving gear)
Figure 31
DIN 3960 - Diameters
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Pitch diameter dw 648.148 -1648.148 mm
Reference diameter d 635.219 -1615.272 mm
Base diameter db 596.331 -1516.385 mm
Form diameter of addendum dFa 677.978 -1611.390 mm
Tooth tip chamfer (radial amount) hK 1.000 1.000 mm
Effective tip diameter dNa 677.978 -1611.390 mm
Effective root diameter dNf 615.727 -1676.222 mm
Form diameter of dedendum dFf 615.517 -1687.210 mm
Form allowance cn 0.105 5.494 mm
Root undercut qFs 0.315 - mm
Measuring diameter root undercut dFs 615.517 - mm
Root diameter df 598.401 -1690.510 mm
Table 20
DIN 3960 - Tool data preliminary tool
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Tool 1 Fräser/rack [289] Schneidrad/shaper [295] -
Normal module (preliminary tool) mn0 - - mm
Normal pressure angle (preliminary tool) αn0 - - °
Radial amount of tip round (cutter pinion) hrho - - mm
Utilized dedendum diameter (preliminary tool) dFf0 - - mm
Generating addendum modification coefficient (preliminary) xE - - -
Table 21
Forces and moments in the system
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Resulting axial force in u-direction Fax,u -56.03 94345.31 N
Resulting radial force in v-direction Frad,v 477462.43 -3.72 N
Resulting radial force in w-direction Frad,w -181.29 0.11 N
Resulting moment around v axis Mv -20365.27 0.35 Nm
Resulting moment around w axis Mw -0.00 0.14 Nm
Table 22
Deviation and tilting in the system
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Displacement in u-direction Δu -17.5 0.0 µm
Displacement in v-direction Δv -308.7 -0.0 µm
Displacement in w-direction Δw -4.1 -0.0 µm
Tilting around the v-axis Δφv -0.000263 -2.75e-11 rad
Tilting around the w-axis Δφw 0.000131 2.41e-11 rad
Table 23
DIN 3960 - Tool data finishing tool
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Tool 2 - - -
Normal module (finishing tool) mn0 18.000 18.000 mm
Normal pressure angle (finishing tool) αn0 20.00 20.00 °
Radial value of tip radius of pinion-type cutter hρ - - mm
Utilized dedendum diameter (finishing tool) dFf0 - 581.070 mm
Generating addendum modification coefficient (finished) xE 0.227270 -0.866358 -
Table 24
ISO 6336 Load capacity
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Version ISO 6336 ISO 6336 (2006) -
Nominal power P 250.22 0.00 kW
Torque T 77435.58 196907.62 Nm
Nominal speed n -30.86 0.00 1/min
Service life LH 100000.0 100000.0 h
Load factors -
Application factor KA 1.25 -
Dynamic factor Kv 1.03 -
Transverse load factor flank KHα 1.36 -
Face load factor flank KHβ 1.29 -
Pitting capacity -
Tooth contact factor pinion ZB 1.001 -
Tooth contact factor wheel ZD 1.000 -
Auxiliary factor for contact factors fZCa - -
Zone factor ZH 2.300 -
Elastic factor ZE 191.646 √N/mm²
Contact ratio factor Zε 0.796 -
Helix angle factor Zβ 1.004 -
Lubricant factor ZL 0.935 -
Roughness factor ZR 1.078 -
Velocity factor flank Zv 0.918 -
Work hardening factor ZW 1.000 -
Size factor ZX 1.00 1.00 -
Life factor (standard conditions) ZNT 0.946 0.941 -
Contact stress (nominal value) σH0 256.2 N/mm²
Hertzian contact stress (B...D) σH 386.0 385.8 N/mm²
Endurance limit flank σHlim 1500.0 740.6 N/mm²
Allowable contact stress σHP 1314.3 645.7 N/mm²
Flank safety factor SH 3.405 1.674 -
Safety factor (torque) SHMo 11.594 2.801 -
Bending capacity -
Form factor YF 1.320 0.969 -
Load distribution influence factor fε - -
Helix angle factor Yβ 0.939 -
Deep tooth factor YDT 1.000 -
Size factor YX 0.87 0.92 -
Relative surface condition factor YRrelT 0.957 0.957 -
Life factor (standard conditions) YNT 0.912 0.909 -
Root stress (nominal value) σF0 88.1 75.4 N/mm²
Tooth root stress σF 195.2 166.9 N/mm²
Endurance limit for tooth root σFlim 461.0 306.0 N/mm²
Allowable tooth root stress σFP 701.8 496.5 N/mm²
Root safety factor SF 3.596 2.975 -
Table 25
ISO 6336-22 - Table safety factor
Sym. Unit
Points on the contact path -
Local Hertzian contact stress pdyn N/mm²
Nom. Hertzian cont. stress pH N/mm²
Distance of point Y from point A g mm
Flash temperature θfla °C
Contact temperature θB °C
Press.-visco. coeff. at loc. cont. temp. αθB mm²/N
Dynamic viscosity at locol contact temperature ηθB Ns/m²
Density of lubr. at loc. cont. temp. ρθB kg/m³
Kin. visco. at loc. cont. temp. νθB mm²/s
Load sharing factor X --
Buttressing factor Xbut --
Local load parameter W --
Velocity parameters U --
Sliding parameter SGF --
Lubricant film thickness h µm
Loc. Spec. lubr. film thickness λGF --
Safety factor against micropitting Sλ --
Sum of tangential velocities vΣ m/s
Local sliding velocity vg m/s
Local tangential velocity (Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]) vr m/s
Local tangential velocity (Hohlrad [24]) vr m/s
Norm. rad. of rel. curvature ρn mm
Transv. rad. of rel. curvature ρt mm
Transv. radius of curvature (Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]) ρt mm
Transv. radius of curvature (Hohlrad [24]) ρt mm
Diameter at contact point min. required safety factor (Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]) d mm
Diameter at contact point min. required safety factor (Hohlrad [24]) d mm
ISO 6336-22 - Safety against micropitting
ISO/TS 6336-20/-21:2017 - Flash temperature method
ISO/TS 6336-20/-21:2017 - Integral temperature method
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth flank capacity (left flank)
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Safety factor (spectrum) pitting - left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,l - - -
Static safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,stat,l - - -
Long life safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,long,l - - -
Miner sum safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) UH,l,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) UH,scaled,l - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) NH,scaled,l - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) iH,l - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) iH,scaled,l - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth flank capacity (right flank)
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Safety factor (spectrum) pitting - right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,r - - -
Static safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,stat,r - - -
Long life safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,long,r - - -
Miner sum safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) UH,r,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) UH,scaled,r - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles against pitting - right flank (ISO 6336) NH,scaled,r - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) iH,r - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) iH,scaled,r - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth root capacity (left flank)
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Safety factor (spectrum) bending - left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,l - - -
Static safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,stat,l - - -
Long life safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,long,l - - -
Miner sum safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) UF,l,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) UF,scaled,l - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) NF,scaled,l - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) iF,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) iF,l - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth root capacity (right flank)
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Safety factor (spectrum) bending - right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,r - - -
Static safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,stat,r - - -
Long life safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,long,r - - -
Miner sum safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) UF,r,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) UF,scaled,r - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) NF,scaled,r - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) iF,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) iF,r - - -
AGMA 2101-C95/D04 - Load capacity
VDI 2736 (2014) - Tooth flank load-carrying capacity
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Poisson's ratio ν - - -
Modulus of elasticity E - - N/mm²
Elasticity factor ZE - √N/mm²
Zone factor ZH - -
Contact ratio factor - flank Zε - -
Helix angle factor Zβ - -
Circumferential force at the reference circle Ft - N
Factor for tooth flank stress KH - -
Common tooth width bw - mm
Flank pressure σH - N/mm²
Rolling contact fatigue strength σHlimN - - N/mm²
Roughness factor ZR - -
Minimum tooth flank safety SHmin - - -
Permissible flank pressure σHP - - N/mm²
Tooth flank safety SH - - -
Tooth flank safety relative to moment SHmo - - -
VDI 2736 (2014) - Tooth root load-carrying capacity
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Factor for tooth root stress KF - -
Form factor YFa - - -
Stress correction factor (strength) YSa - - -
Contact ratio factor - root Yε - -
Helix angle factor Yβ - -
Circumferential force at the reference circle Ft - N
Facewidth for tooth root stress bFuß - - mm
Tooth root stress σF - - N/mm²
Fatigue strength under pulsating stress σFlimN - - N/mm²
Stress correction factor YSt - - -
Tooth root strength limit σFG - - N/mm²
Minimum tooth root safety SFmin - - -
Permissible tooth root stress σFP - - N/mm²
Tooth root safety SF - - -
Load distribution
Figure 32
Deformation gear 1 / gear 2
Figure 33
Form mesh topology
Figure 34
Modification proposal
Figure 35
Tooth deflection
Bending deflection (Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127])
Bending deflection (Hohlrad [24])
Torsional deflection (Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127])
Torsional deflection (Hohlrad [24])
Applied tooth modification
Tooth spring deflection
Total tooth deflection
Sym.
Unit µm µm µm µm µm µm µm
1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 19.8 32.0 44.7
2 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.4 16.5 34.9 44.7
3 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.3 13.8 37.4 44.7
4 1.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 11.5 39.5 44.7
5 1.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 9.8 41.2 44.7
6 1.9 0.0 0.3 0.1 8.7 41.6 44.7
7 2.6 0.0 0.3 0.3 8.0 41.4 44.7
8 3.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 7.9 40.8 44.7
9 3.9 0.0 0.3 0.4 8.3 39.7 44.7
10 4.4 0.0 0.3 0.4 9.3 38.3 44.7
11 4.9 0.0 0.2 0.4 10.7 36.4 44.7
12 5.4 0.0 0.2 0.3 12.7 34.1 44.7
13 5.7 0.0 0.2 0.1 15.3 31.3 44.7
14 6.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 18.3 28.0 44.7
15 6.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 21.9 23.8 44.7
16 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 26.0 19.1 44.7
17 7.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 30.7 14.0 44.7
18 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 35.8 8.3 44.7
Table 26
Recommended tip relief acc. to SIGG (AGMA Paper 109.16, 1965)
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Amount of modification -
Amount of tip relief at start of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,A -13.6 µm
Amount of tip relief at end of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,E -18.7 µm
Begin of modification -
Start of the short tip relief in mm of the diameter 663.751 1601.140 mm
Start of the long tip relief in mm of the diameter 650.698 1591.431 mm
Start of the short root relief in mm of the diameter 624.195 1663.210 mm
Start of the long root relief in mm of the diameter 634.077 1650.682 mm
Table 27
Recommended tip relief acc. to SIGG (AGMA Paper 109.16, 1965)
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127] Hohlrad [24]
Amount of modification -
Amount of tip relief at start of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,A -13.6 µm
Amount of tip relief at end of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,E -18.7 µm
Length of modification in mm path of contact -
Length of the short tip relief in mm of the path of engagement 15.545 mm
Length of the long tip relief in mm of the path of contact 31.089 mm
Length of the short root relief in mm of the path of contact 15.545 mm
Length of the long root relief in mm of the path of contact 31.089 mm
Length of modification in % path of contact -
Length of the short tip relief in % of the path of contact 18.4 %
Length of the long tip relief in % of the path of contact 36.7 %
Length of the short root relief in % of the path of contact 18.4 %
Length of the long root relief in % of the path of contact 36.7 %
Diameter for beginn of tip relief -
Start of the short tip relief in mm of the diameter 663.751 1601.140 mm
Start of the long tip relief in mm of the diameter 650.698 1591.431 mm
Start of the short root relief in mm of the diameter 624.195 1663.210 mm
Start of the long root relief in mm of the diameter 634.077 1650.682 mm
Lengt of modification in mm rolling path -
Table 28
Local results on 3D tooth flank
Figure 36
Load distribution
Figure 37
Load distribution (contour plot)
Figure 38
Pressure distribution
Figure 39
Pressure distribution (contour plot)
Figure 40
Pressungsverteilung
Pressure distribution
Gear width
0.00 88.00 132.00 176.00 220.00 264.00 308.00 352.00 396.00 440.00
Path of contact
 0.00 130.19 315.80 354.21 364.75 355.70 324.98 267.67 142.07 0.00 0.00
9.40 202.51 317.27 323.42 319.67 312.24 296.70 268.70 216.99 76.13 0.00
14.10 243.68 335.40 341.16 335.56 326.44 311.42 288.08 243.22 134.11 0.00
18.80 271.28 353.77 357.23 348.75 337.97 321.93 299.81 260.87 176.05 0.00
23.50 288.98 367.45 370.24 359.82 346.94 329.18 306.15 269.52 196.41 0.00
28.21 298.98 374.40 379.43 368.59 353.11 333.94 309.76 271.98 203.12 0.00
32.91 300.78 375.58 382.09 374.09 358.12 335.72 310.46 272.14 203.56 0.00
37.61 295.89 371.30 379.23 373.01 359.92 337.65 308.19 269.06 196.54 0.00
42.31 287.69 361.42 371.02 366.56 355.70 335.83 307.30 263.00 188.09 0.00
47.01 277.28 347.25 358.82 354.83 346.09 328.55 302.19 259.34 177.06 0.00
51.71 265.23 329.69 339.62 339.64 331.12 315.94 292.20 251.29 166.50 0.00
56.41 252.21 309.64 318.58 317.43 312.72 298.37 276.88 238.81 151.27 0.00
61.11 237.95 288.69 295.39 293.10 288.28 276.63 256.72 220.46 128.48 0.00
65.81 221.48 266.99 271.29 267.21 261.17 250.52 232.39 195.58 81.42 0.00
70.51 199.94 244.22 246.67 240.40 232.69 220.96 204.57 164.10 39.15 0.00
75.21 174.68 220.79 221.77 213.79 203.60 189.29 168.33 123.83 20.29 0.00
79.91 163.24 200.34 201.96 190.85 176.21 155.77 122.00 30.98 4.88 0.00
84.62 190.93 233.31 229.46 209.27 177.73 133.63 68.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
Table 29
Mesh topology
Figure 41
3D modification proposal
Figure 42
Transmission deviation spectrum
Figure 43
3D transmission error
Figure 44
Load capacity ISO 6336 part 22 - local micropitting calculation
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Mean friction coefficient νm 0.03 -
Bulk temperature (micropitting) θM 90.46 °C
Material factor WW 1.00 -
Permissible specific lubricant film thickness λGfP 0.99 -
Specific lubricant film thickness λGf 0.18 -
Safety factor against micropitting Sλ 0.18 -
Table 30
Flash temperature distribution
Figure 45
Safety against micropitting (contour plot)
Figure 46
Sliding speed
Figure 47
3D specific lubricant film thickness
Figure 48
Stress at the highest loaded tangent (Coast side)
Maximum stresses above the tooth engagement (Coast side)
Campbell Diagram
Eigenvalue calculation - evaluation of critical operating points
Campbell - Is natural frequency critical Campbell - Rotational speeds Campbell - Natural frequencies Campbell - Dominant form of eigenmodes Campbell - meshing orders
Sym. 0-false, 1-true 0-Torsion, 1-Lateral, 2-Axial, 3-Mixed
Unit -- 1/min 1/s -- --
Dynamic tooth mesh stiffness
Sym. Stufe (Planet-Hohlrad) @ 0.0° [106] Unit
Dynamic mesh stiffness cγ_dyn User input -
Dynamic mesh stiffness cγ_dyn - N/(mm·µm)
Table 31
Cylindrical stage [57]
Cylindrical stage 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 49
DIN 3960 - Main geometry
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Normal pressure angle αn 20.00000 °
Helix angle at reference diameter β 14.50000 -14.50000 °
Number of teeth z 81 22 -
Center distance a 750.000 mm
Normal module mn 14.00000 14.00000 mm
Transverse module mt 14.46060 14.46060 mm
Addendum modification coeff. x -0.100000 0.486301 -
Face width b 350.000 360.000 mm
Tip diameter da 1196.509 359.750 mm
Transverse contact ratio εα 1.403 -
Overlap contact ratio εβ 1.992 -
Total contact ratio εγ 3.395 -
Table 32
Tooth contact
Start Animation
Figure 50
Tooth engagement analysis (Root driving / Tip driven gear)
Start Animation
Figure 51
Tooth engagement analysis (Root driven / Tip driving gear)
Start Animation
Figure 52
DIN 3960 - Diameters
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Pitch diameter dw 1179.612 320.388 mm
Reference diameter d 1171.309 318.133 mm
Base diameter db 1096.390 297.785 mm
Form diameter of addendum dFa 1195.509 358.750 mm
Tooth tip chamfer (radial amount) hK 0.500 0.500 mm
Effective tip diameter dNa 1193.934 358.750 mm
Effective root diameter dNf 1151.926 308.542 mm
Form diameter of dedendum dFf 1146.122 308.542 mm
Form allowance cn 2.902 0.000 mm
Root undercut qFs 0.580 0.250 mm
Measuring diameter root undercut dFs 1146.122 304.416 mm
Root diameter df 1132.712 296.324 mm
Table 33
DIN 3960 - Tool data preliminary tool
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Tool 1 Fräser/rack [289] Fräser/rack [289] -
Normal module (preliminary tool) mn0 - - mm
Normal pressure angle (preliminary tool) αn0 - - °
Radial amount of tip round (cutter pinion) hrho - - mm
Utilized dedendum diameter (preliminary tool) dFf0 - - mm
Generating addendum modification coefficient (preliminary) xE - - -
Table 34
Forces and moments in the system
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Resulting axial force in u-direction Fax,u 54994.24 -54994.24 N
Resulting radial force in v-direction Frad,v 208573.27 -208573.27 N
Resulting radial force in w-direction Frad,w 90038.25 -90038.25 N
Resulting moment around v axis Mv 22935.66 6229.44 Nm
Resulting moment around w axis Mw 22935.66 6229.44 Nm
Table 35
Deviation and tilting in the system
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Displacement in u-direction Δu -4.5 -157.0 µm
Displacement in v-direction Δv 30.5 -78.8 µm
Displacement in w-direction Δw 13.2 -26.6 µm
Tilting around the v-axis Δφv 2.65e-05 4.94e-05 rad
Tilting around the w-axis Δφw 1.62e-05 -8.16e-05 rad
Table 36
DIN 3960 - Tool data finishing tool
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Tool 2 - - -
Normal module (finishing tool) mn0 14.000 14.000 mm
Normal pressure angle (finishing tool) αn0 20.00 20.00 °
Radial value of tip radius of pinion-type cutter hρ - - mm
Utilized dedendum diameter (finishing tool) dFf0 - - mm
Generating addendum modification coefficient (finished) xE -0.128456 0.471092 -
Table 37
ISO 6336 Load capacity
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Version ISO 6336 ISO 6336 (2006) -
Nominal power P -1482.62 1482.62 kW
Torque T 124537.64 33825.04 Nm
Nominal speed n 113.68 -418.56 1/min
Service life LH 100000.0 100000.0 h
Load factors -
Application factor KA 1.25 -
Dynamic factor Kv 1.05 -
Transverse load factor flank KHα 1.24 -
Face load factor flank KHβ 1.33 -
Pitting capacity -
Tooth contact factor pinion ZB 1.000 -
Tooth contact factor wheel ZD 1.000 -
Auxiliary factor for contact factors fZCa - -
Zone factor ZH 2.364 -
Elastic factor ZE 191.646 √N/mm²
Contact ratio factor Zε 0.844 -
Helix angle factor Zβ 1.016 -
Lubricant factor ZL 0.966 -
Roughness factor ZR 1.000 -
Velocity factor flank Zv 0.990 -
Work hardening factor ZW 1.000 -
Size factor ZX 1.00 1.00 -
Life factor (standard conditions) ZNT 0.923 0.887 -
Contact stress (nominal value) σH0 609.4 N/mm²
Hertzian contact stress (B...D) σH 894.8 894.8 N/mm²
Endurance limit flank σHlim 1500.0 1500.0 N/mm²
Allowable contact stress σHP 1324.5 1272.6 N/mm²
Flank safety factor SH 1.480 1.422 -
Safety factor (torque) SHMo 2.191 2.023 -
Bending capacity -
Form factor YF 1.574 1.355 -
Load distribution influence factor fε - -
Helix angle factor Yβ 0.879 -
Deep tooth factor YDT 1.000 -
Size factor YX 0.91 0.91 -
Relative surface condition factor YRrelT 0.957 0.957 -
Life factor (standard conditions) YNT 0.897 0.874 -
Root stress (nominal value) σF0 128.7 122.2 N/mm²
Tooth root stress σF 270.4 256.7 N/mm²
Endurance limit for tooth root σFlim 461.0 461.0 N/mm²
Allowable tooth root stress σFP 721.6 706.4 N/mm²
Root safety factor SF 2.669 2.752 -
Table 38
ISO 6336-22 - Table safety factor
Sym. Unit
Points on the contact path -
Local Hertzian contact stress pdyn N/mm²
Nom. Hertzian cont. stress pH N/mm²
Distance of point Y from point A g mm
Flash temperature θfla °C
Contact temperature θB °C
Press.-visco. coeff. at loc. cont. temp. αθB mm²/N
Dynamic viscosity at locol contact temperature ηθB Ns/m²
Density of lubr. at loc. cont. temp. ρθB kg/m³
Kin. visco. at loc. cont. temp. νθB mm²/s
Load sharing factor X --
Buttressing factor Xbut --
Local load parameter W --
Velocity parameters U --
Sliding parameter SGF --
Lubricant film thickness h µm
Loc. Spec. lubr. film thickness λGF --
Safety factor against micropitting Sλ --
Sum of tangential velocities vΣ m/s
Local sliding velocity vg m/s
Local tangential velocity (Cylindrical gear [60]) vr m/s
Local tangential velocity (Cylindrical gear [61]) vr m/s
Norm. rad. of rel. curvature ρn mm
Transv. rad. of rel. curvature ρt mm
Transv. radius of curvature (Cylindrical gear [60]) ρt mm
Transv. radius of curvature (Cylindrical gear [61]) ρt mm
Diameter at contact point min. required safety factor (Cylindrical gear [60]) d mm
Diameter at contact point min. required safety factor (Cylindrical gear [61]) d mm
ISO 6336-22 - Safety against micropitting
ISO/TS 6336-20/-21:2017 - Flash temperature method
ISO/TS 6336-20/-21:2017 - Integral temperature method
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth flank capacity (left flank)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Safety factor (spectrum) pitting - left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,l - - -
Static safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,stat,l - - -
Long life safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,long,l - - -
Miner sum safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) UH,l,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) UH,scaled,l - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) NH,scaled,l - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) iH,l - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) iH,scaled,l - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth flank capacity (right flank)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Safety factor (spectrum) pitting - right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,r - - -
Static safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,stat,r - - -
Long life safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,long,r - - -
Miner sum safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) UH,r,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) UH,scaled,r - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles against pitting - right flank (ISO 6336) NH,scaled,r - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) iH,r - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) iH,scaled,r - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth root capacity (left flank)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Safety factor (spectrum) bending - left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,l - - -
Static safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,stat,l - - -
Long life safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,long,l - - -
Miner sum safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) UF,l,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) UF,scaled,l - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) NF,scaled,l - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) iF,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) iF,l - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth root capacity (right flank)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Safety factor (spectrum) bending - right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,r - - -
Static safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,stat,r - - -
Long life safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,long,r - - -
Miner sum safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) UF,r,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) UF,scaled,r - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) NF,scaled,r - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) iF,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) iF,r - - -
AGMA 2101-C95/D04 - Load capacity
VDI 2736 (2014) - Tooth flank load-carrying capacity
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Poisson's ratio ν - - -
Modulus of elasticity E - - N/mm²
Elasticity factor ZE - √N/mm²
Zone factor ZH - -
Contact ratio factor - flank Zε - -
Helix angle factor Zβ - -
Circumferential force at the reference circle Ft - N
Factor for tooth flank stress KH - -
Common tooth width bw - mm
Flank pressure σH - N/mm²
Rolling contact fatigue strength σHlimN - - N/mm²
Roughness factor ZR - -
Minimum tooth flank safety SHmin - - -
Permissible flank pressure σHP - - N/mm²
Tooth flank safety SH - - -
Tooth flank safety relative to moment SHmo - - -
VDI 2736 (2014) - Tooth root load-carrying capacity
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Factor for tooth root stress KF - -
Form factor YFa - - -
Stress correction factor (strength) YSa - - -
Contact ratio factor - root Yε - -
Helix angle factor Yβ - -
Circumferential force at the reference circle Ft - N
Facewidth for tooth root stress bFuß - - mm
Tooth root stress σF - - N/mm²
Fatigue strength under pulsating stress σFlimN - - N/mm²
Stress correction factor YSt - - -
Tooth root strength limit σFG - - N/mm²
Minimum tooth root safety SFmin - - -
Permissible tooth root stress σFP - - N/mm²
Tooth root safety SF - - -
Load distribution
Start Animation
Figure 53
Deformation gear 1 / gear 2
Start Animation
Figure 54
Form mesh topology
Start Animation
Figure 55
Modification proposal
Start Animation
Figure 56
Tooth deflection
Bending deflection (Cylindrical gear [60])
Bending deflection (Cylindrical gear [61])
Torsional deflection (Cylindrical gear [60])
Torsional deflection (Cylindrical gear [61])
Applied tooth modification
Tooth spring deflection
Total tooth deflection
Sym.
Unit µm µm µm µm µm µm µm
1 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 22.8 54.2 75.2
2 0.1 2.9 1.1 1.4 18.3 54.2 75.2
3 0.2 5.6 1.0 2.7 14.5 54.0 75.1
4 0.3 8.2 1.0 3.9 11.1 53.4 75.1
5 0.4 10.6 1.0 4.9 8.4 52.5 75.0
6 0.5 12.9 0.9 5.9 6.2 51.4 75.0
7 0.6 15.0 0.9 6.7 4.5 50.0 74.9
8 0.7 17.0 0.8 7.5 3.4 48.3 74.9
9 0.8 18.9 0.8 8.1 2.8 46.2 74.8
10 0.8 20.6 0.7 8.7 2.8 43.9 74.8
11 0.9 22.2 0.6 9.2 3.4 41.2 74.7
12 1.0 23.7 0.6 9.5 4.5 38.3 74.7
13 1.0 25.0 0.5 9.8 6.2 34.9 74.6
14 1.1 26.2 0.4 10.1 8.4 31.2 74.6
15 1.1 27.4 0.3 10.2 11.1 27.1 74.5
16 1.2 28.5 0.2 10.4 14.5 22.6 74.5
17 1.2 29.5 0.1 10.4 18.3 17.7 74.4
18 1.3 30.4 0.0 10.4 22.8 12.4 74.4
Table 39
Recommended tip relief acc. to SIGG (AGMA Paper 109.16, 1965)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Amount of modification -
Amount of tip relief at start of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,A 33.6 µm
Amount of tip relief at end of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,E 28.5 µm
Begin of modification -
Start of the short tip relief in mm of the diameter 1187.258 349.488 mm
Start of the long tip relief in mm of the diameter 1180.792 340.835 mm
Start of the short root relief in mm of the diameter 1157.295 313.462 mm
Start of the long root relief in mm of the diameter 1162.891 319.225 mm
Table 40
Recommended tip relief acc. to SIGG (AGMA Paper 109.16, 1965)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Cylindrical gear [60] Cylindrical gear [61]
Amount of modification -
Amount of tip relief at start of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,A 33.6 µm
Amount of tip relief at end of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,E 28.5 µm
Length of modification in mm path of contact -
Length of the short tip relief in mm of the path of engagement 8.564 mm
Length of the long tip relief in mm of the path of contact 17.127 mm
Length of the short root relief in mm of the path of contact 8.564 mm
Length of the long root relief in mm of the path of contact 17.127 mm
Length of modification in % path of contact -
Length of the short tip relief in % of the path of contact 14.4 %
Length of the long tip relief in % of the path of contact 28.7 %
Length of the short root relief in % of the path of contact 14.4 %
Length of the long root relief in % of the path of contact 28.7 %
Diameter for beginn of tip relief -
Start of the short tip relief in mm of the diameter 1187.258 349.488 mm
Start of the long tip relief in mm of the diameter 1180.792 340.835 mm
Start of the short root relief in mm of the diameter 1157.295 313.462 mm
Start of the long root relief in mm of the diameter 1162.891 319.225 mm
Lengt of modification in mm rolling path -
Table 41
Local results on 3D tooth flank
Start Animation
Figure 57
Load distribution
Start Animation
Figure 58
Load distribution (contour plot)
Start Animation
Figure 59
Pressure distribution
Start Animation
Figure 60
Pressure distribution (contour plot)
Start Animation
Figure 61
Pressungsverteilung
Pressure distribution
Gear width
0.00 70.00 105.00 140.00 175.00 210.00 245.00 280.00 315.00 350.00
Path of contact
 0.00 411.55 576.12 569.79 530.83 478.97 425.58 354.24 234.87 0.00 0.00
6.63 505.10 558.54 555.20 537.55 498.23 454.45 407.93 348.09 239.68 0.00
9.94 568.71 585.93 580.54 567.16 534.03 489.38 442.26 386.09 298.85 33.08
13.26 623.88 620.35 613.05 600.85 572.86 527.88 477.40 421.12 338.19 124.41
16.57 671.95 657.17 643.79 630.79 608.38 564.49 510.18 451.64 367.82 180.40
19.88 709.54 683.29 669.58 655.71 636.76 595.53 539.30 476.55 390.83 204.31
23.20 736.16 707.30 690.12 674.73 655.03 620.79 564.03 496.27 406.21 205.38
26.51 756.19 726.26 706.47 687.74 666.99 637.76 582.68 510.60 415.14 193.53
29.83 770.27 739.47 717.37 695.02 672.82 644.47 594.70 521.70 415.84 166.46
33.14 778.81 745.95 723.73 696.79 672.72 643.26 600.95 525.49 411.53 120.13
36.45 782.23 744.33 724.56 695.82 666.88 635.99 596.96 523.75 399.48 38.27
39.77 781.46 732.92 719.31 689.33 656.06 622.79 581.80 515.06 376.38 0.00
43.08 777.47 715.78 707.85 678.65 639.54 603.76 559.85 503.50 341.57 0.00
46.40 771.49 694.20 688.24 662.47 622.62 578.68 529.94 458.98 282.66 0.00
49.71 768.36 670.83 663.49 643.93 600.85 547.13 490.31 402.58 192.36 0.00
53.02 786.01 653.37 643.13 625.12 577.87 510.88 434.08 305.41 111.38 0.00
56.34 904.81 659.24 642.34 617.41 563.96 470.85 343.33 156.43 0.00 0.00
59.65 1171.99 706.71 674.14 636.31 574.65 449.87 273.49 0.00 0.00 0.00
Table 42
Mesh topology
Start Animation
Figure 62
3D modification proposal
Start Animation
Figure 63
Transmission deviation spectrum
Start Animation
Figure 64
3D transmission error
Start Animation
Figure 65
Load capacity ISO 6336 part 22 - local micropitting calculation
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Mean friction coefficient νm 0.04 -
Bulk temperature (micropitting) θM 93.35 °C
Material factor WW 1.00 -
Permissible specific lubricant film thickness λGfP 0.99 -
Specific lubricant film thickness λGf 0.19 -
Safety factor against micropitting Sλ 0.19 -
Table 43
Flash temperature distribution
Start Animation
Figure 66
Safety against micropitting (contour plot)
Start Animation
Figure 67
Sliding speed
Start Animation
Figure 68
3D specific lubricant film thickness
Start Animation
Figure 69
Stress at the highest loaded tangent (Coast side)
Start Animation
Maximum stresses above the tooth engagement (Coast side)
Start Animation
Campbell Diagram
Start Animation
Eigenvalue calculation - evaluation of critical operating points
Campbell - Is natural frequency critical Campbell - Rotational speeds Campbell - Natural frequencies Campbell - Dominant form of eigenmodes Campbell - meshing orders
Sym. 0-false, 1-true 0-Torsion, 1-Lateral, 2-Axial, 3-Mixed
Unit -- 1/min 1/s -- --
Dynamic tooth mesh stiffness
Sym. Cylindrical stage [57] Unit
Dynamic mesh stiffness cγ_dyn User input -
Dynamic mesh stiffness cγ_dyn - N/(mm·µm)
Table 44
Cylindrical stage [66]
Cylindrical stage 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 70
DIN 3960 - Main geometry
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Normal pressure angle αn 20.00000 °
Helix angle at reference diameter β 17.00000 -17.00000 °
Number of teeth z 79 27 -
Center distance a 503.000 mm
Normal module mn 9.00000 9.00000 mm
Transverse module mt 9.41123 9.41123 mm
Addendum modification coeff. x 0.180460 0.300000 -
Face width b 200.000 210.000 mm
Tip diameter da 764.735 277.503 mm
Transverse contact ratio εα 1.407 -
Overlap contact ratio εβ 2.068 -
Total contact ratio εγ 3.475 -
Table 45
Tooth contact
Start Animation
Figure 71
Tooth engagement analysis (Root driving / Tip driven gear)
Start Animation
Figure 72
Tooth engagement analysis (Root driven / Tip driving gear)
Start Animation
Figure 73
DIN 3960 - Diameters
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Pitch diameter dw 749.755 256.245 mm
Reference diameter d 743.487 254.103 mm
Base diameter db 694.861 237.484 mm
Form diameter of addendum dFa 762.735 277.503 mm
Tooth tip chamfer (radial amount) hK 1.000 0.000 mm
Effective tip diameter dNa 761.706 277.503 mm
Effective root diameter dNf 733.296 246.435 mm
Form diameter of dedendum dFf 731.760 246.435 mm
Form allowance cn 0.768 0.000 mm
Root undercut qFs 0.369 0.250 mm
Measuring diameter root undercut dFs 731.760 242.602 mm
Root diameter df 723.658 236.687 mm
Table 46
DIN 3960 - Tool data preliminary tool
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Tool 1 Fräser/rack [289] Fräser/rack [289] -
Normal module (preliminary tool) mn0 - - mm
Normal pressure angle (preliminary tool) αn0 - - °
Radial amount of tip round (cutter pinion) hrho - - mm
Utilized dedendum diameter (preliminary tool) dFf0 - - mm
Generating addendum modification coefficient (preliminary) xE - - -
Table 47
Forces and moments in the system
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Resulting axial force in u-direction Fax,u -27571.05 27571.05 N
Resulting radial force in v-direction Frad,v -94041.70 94041.70 N
Resulting radial force in w-direction Frad,w 21605.65 -21605.65 N
Resulting moment around v axis Mv -8466.56 -2893.63 Nm
Resulting moment around w axis Mw 5928.35 2026.14 Nm
Table 48
Deviation and tilting in the system
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Displacement in u-direction Δu -156.0 28.9 µm
Displacement in v-direction Δv -42.7 48.9 µm
Displacement in w-direction Δw -9.6 -7.2 µm
Tilting around the v-axis Δφv 5.50e-05 -2.87e-06 rad
Tilting around the w-axis Δφw -0.000136 0.000107 rad
Table 49
DIN 3960 - Tool data finishing tool
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Tool 2 - - -
Normal module (finishing tool) mn0 9.000 9.000 mm
Normal pressure angle (finishing tool) αn0 20.00 20.00 °
Radial value of tip radius of pinion-type cutter hρ - - mm
Utilized dedendum diameter (finishing tool) dFf0 - - mm
Generating addendum modification coefficient (finished) xE 0.148406 0.282446 -
Table 50
ISO 6336 Load capacity
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Version ISO 6336 ISO 6336 (2006) -
Nominal power P -1469.43 1469.43 kW
Torque T 33524.14 11457.62 Nm
Nominal speed n -418.56 1224.69 1/min
Service life LH 100000.0 100000.0 h
Load factors -
Application factor KA 1.25 -
Dynamic factor Kv 1.15 -
Transverse load factor flank KHα 1.24 -
Face load factor flank KHβ 1.36 -
Pitting capacity -
Tooth contact factor pinion ZB 1.000 -
Tooth contact factor wheel ZD 1.000 -
Auxiliary factor for contact factors fZCa - -
Zone factor ZH 2.331 -
Elastic factor ZE 191.646 √N/mm²
Contact ratio factor Zε 0.843 -
Helix angle factor Zβ 1.023 -
Lubricant factor ZL 0.966 -
Roughness factor ZR 0.993 -
Velocity factor flank Zv 1.014 -
Work hardening factor ZW 1.000 -
Size factor ZX 1.00 1.00 -
Life factor (standard conditions) ZNT 0.887 0.858 -
Contact stress (nominal value) σH0 600.4 N/mm²
Hertzian contact stress (B...D) σH 925.9 925.9 N/mm²
Endurance limit flank σHlim 1500.0 1500.0 N/mm²
Allowable contact stress σHP 1294.4 1252.5 N/mm²
Flank safety factor SH 1.398 1.353 -
Safety factor (torque) SHMo 1.954 1.830 -
Bending capacity -
Form factor YF 1.363 1.510 -
Load distribution influence factor fε - -
Helix angle factor Yβ 0.858 -
Deep tooth factor YDT 1.000 -
Size factor YX 0.96 0.96 -
Relative surface condition factor YRrelT 0.957 0.957 -
Life factor (standard conditions) YNT 0.874 0.855 -
Root stress (nominal value) σF0 143.3 138.7 N/mm²
Tooth root stress σF 330.2 319.8 N/mm²
Endurance limit for tooth root σFlim 461.0 461.0 N/mm²
Allowable tooth root stress σFP 745.1 726.5 N/mm²
Root safety factor SF 2.257 2.272 -
Table 51
ISO 6336-22 - Table safety factor
Sym. Unit
Points on the contact path -
Local Hertzian contact stress pdyn N/mm²
Nom. Hertzian cont. stress pH N/mm²
Distance of point Y from point A g mm
Flash temperature θfla °C
Contact temperature θB °C
Press.-visco. coeff. at loc. cont. temp. αθB mm²/N
Dynamic viscosity at locol contact temperature ηθB Ns/m²
Density of lubr. at loc. cont. temp. ρθB kg/m³
Kin. visco. at loc. cont. temp. νθB mm²/s
Load sharing factor X --
Buttressing factor Xbut --
Local load parameter W --
Velocity parameters U --
Sliding parameter SGF --
Lubricant film thickness h µm
Loc. Spec. lubr. film thickness λGF --
Safety factor against micropitting Sλ --
Sum of tangential velocities vΣ m/s
Local sliding velocity vg m/s
Local tangential velocity (Cylindrical gear [69]) vr m/s
Local tangential velocity (Cylindrical gear [70]) vr m/s
Norm. rad. of rel. curvature ρn mm
Transv. rad. of rel. curvature ρt mm
Transv. radius of curvature (Cylindrical gear [69]) ρt mm
Transv. radius of curvature (Cylindrical gear [70]) ρt mm
Diameter at contact point min. required safety factor (Cylindrical gear [69]) d mm
Diameter at contact point min. required safety factor (Cylindrical gear [70]) d mm
ISO 6336-22 - Safety against micropitting
ISO/TS 6336-20/-21:2017 - Flash temperature method
ISO/TS 6336-20/-21:2017 - Integral temperature method
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth flank capacity (left flank)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Safety factor (spectrum) pitting - left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,l - - -
Static safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,stat,l - - -
Long life safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,long,l - - -
Miner sum safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) UH,l,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) UH,scaled,l - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) NH,scaled,l - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) SH,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index safety factor pitting left flank (ISO 6336) iH,l - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles pitting left flank (ISO 6336) iH,scaled,l - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth flank capacity (right flank)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Safety factor (spectrum) pitting - right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,r - - -
Static safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,stat,r - - -
Long life safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,Miner,long,r - - -
Miner sum safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) UH,r,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) UH,scaled,r - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles against pitting - right flank (ISO 6336) NH,scaled,r - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) SH,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index safety factor pitting right flank (ISO 6336) iH,r - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles pitting right flank (ISO 6336) iH,scaled,r - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth root capacity (left flank)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Safety factor (spectrum) bending - left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,l - - -
Static safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,stat,l - - -
Long life safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,long,l - - -
Miner sum safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) UF,l,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) UF,scaled,l - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) NF,scaled,l - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) SF,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles bending left flank (ISO 6336) iF,scaled,l - - -
Critical bin index safety factor bending left flank (ISO 6336) iF,l - - -
ISO 6336-6 - Tooth root capacity (right flank)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Safety factor (spectrum) bending - right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,r - - -
Static safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,stat,r - - -
Long life safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,Miner,long,r - - -
Miner sum safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) UF,r,sc - - -
Miner sum for scaled number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) UF,scaled,r - - -
Scaled total number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) NF,scaled,r - - -
Scaling factor for the number of load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) SF,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index scaled load cycles bending right flank (ISO 6336) iF,scaled,r - - -
Critical bin index safety factor bending right flank (ISO 6336) iF,r - - -
AGMA 2101-C95/D04 - Load capacity
VDI 2736 (2014) - Tooth flank load-carrying capacity
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Poisson's ratio ν - - -
Modulus of elasticity E - - N/mm²
Elasticity factor ZE - √N/mm²
Zone factor ZH - -
Contact ratio factor - flank Zε - -
Helix angle factor Zβ - -
Circumferential force at the reference circle Ft - N
Factor for tooth flank stress KH - -
Common tooth width bw - mm
Flank pressure σH - N/mm²
Rolling contact fatigue strength σHlimN - - N/mm²
Roughness factor ZR - -
Minimum tooth flank safety SHmin - - -
Permissible flank pressure σHP - - N/mm²
Tooth flank safety SH - - -
Tooth flank safety relative to moment SHmo - - -
VDI 2736 (2014) - Tooth root load-carrying capacity
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Factor for tooth root stress KF - -
Form factor YFa - - -
Stress correction factor (strength) YSa - - -
Contact ratio factor - root Yε - -
Helix angle factor Yβ - -
Circumferential force at the reference circle Ft - N
Facewidth for tooth root stress bFuß - - mm
Tooth root stress σF - - N/mm²
Fatigue strength under pulsating stress σFlimN - - N/mm²
Stress correction factor YSt - - -
Tooth root strength limit σFG - - N/mm²
Minimum tooth root safety SFmin - - -
Permissible tooth root stress σFP - - N/mm²
Tooth root safety SF - - -
Load distribution
Start Animation
Figure 74
Deformation gear 1 / gear 2
Start Animation
Figure 75
Form mesh topology
Start Animation
Figure 76
Modification proposal
Start Animation
Figure 77
Tooth deflection
Bending deflection (Cylindrical gear [69])
Bending deflection (Cylindrical gear [70])
Torsional deflection (Cylindrical gear [69])
Torsional deflection (Cylindrical gear [70])
Applied tooth modification
Tooth spring deflection
Total tooth deflection
Sym.
Unit µm µm µm µm µm µm µm
1 0.0 0.0 0.6 6.1 20.9 37.4 64.0
2 1.4 1.5 0.6 6.0 16.5 39.0 64.1
3 2.8 3.0 0.6 6.0 12.6 40.1 64.1
4 4.1 4.5 0.6 5.8 9.3 40.7 64.1
5 5.5 5.9 0.6 5.7 6.5 40.9 64.1
6 6.9 7.3 0.6 5.4 4.3 40.7 64.1
7 8.2 8.6 0.5 5.2 2.7 40.0 64.1
8 9.6 9.8 0.5 4.9 1.6 38.8 64.2
9 10.9 11.0 0.5 4.5 1.0 37.2 64.2
10 12.3 12.2 0.4 4.2 1.0 35.1 64.2
11 13.7 13.2 0.4 3.7 1.6 32.6 64.2
12 15.0 14.3 0.3 3.3 2.7 29.7 64.2
13 16.4 15.3 0.3 2.8 4.3 26.2 64.2
14 17.7 16.2 0.2 2.3 6.5 22.3 64.2
15 19.0 17.1 0.2 1.7 9.3 17.9 64.2
16 20.4 18.0 0.1 1.2 12.6 13.0 64.2
17 21.7 18.8 0.1 0.6 16.5 7.6 64.2
18 23.1 19.6 0.0 0.0 20.9 1.7 64.2
Table 52
Recommended tip relief acc. to SIGG (AGMA Paper 109.16, 1965)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Amount of modification -
Amount of tip relief at start of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,A 27.2 µm
Amount of tip relief at end of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,E 22.1 µm
Begin of modification -
Start of the short tip relief in mm of the diameter 757.171 271.859 mm
Start of the long tip relief in mm of the diameter 752.777 266.569 mm
Start of the short root relief in mm of the diameter 736.964 249.672 mm
Start of the long root relief in mm of the diameter 740.784 253.366 mm
Table 53
Recommended tip relief acc. to SIGG (AGMA Paper 109.16, 1965)
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Cylindrical gear [69] Cylindrical gear [70]
Amount of modification -
Amount of tip relief at start of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,A 27.2 µm
Amount of tip relief at end of mesh acc. to SIGG CSigg,E 22.1 µm
Length of modification in mm path of contact -
Length of the short tip relief in mm of the path of engagement 5.620 mm
Length of the long tip relief in mm of the path of contact 11.240 mm
Length of the short root relief in mm of the path of contact 5.620 mm
Length of the long root relief in mm of the path of contact 11.240 mm
Length of modification in % path of contact -
Length of the short tip relief in % of the path of contact 14.5 %
Length of the long tip relief in % of the path of contact 28.9 %
Length of the short root relief in % of the path of contact 14.5 %
Length of the long root relief in % of the path of contact 28.9 %
Diameter for beginn of tip relief -
Start of the short tip relief in mm of the diameter 757.171 271.859 mm
Start of the long tip relief in mm of the diameter 752.777 266.569 mm
Start of the short root relief in mm of the diameter 736.964 249.672 mm
Start of the long root relief in mm of the diameter 740.784 253.366 mm
Lengt of modification in mm rolling path -
Table 54
Local results on 3D tooth flank
Start Animation
Figure 78
Load distribution
Start Animation
Figure 79
Load distribution (contour plot)
Start Animation
Figure 80
Pressure distribution
Start Animation
Figure 81
Pressure distribution (contour plot)
Start Animation
Figure 82
Pressungsverteilung
Pressure distribution
Gear width
0.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00 200.00
Path of contact
 0.00 775.98 479.35 460.83 425.50 354.07 173.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4.32 679.85 558.28 556.82 542.29 488.22 404.09 247.93 73.91 0.00 0.00
6.48 693.86 605.76 607.93 591.14 546.65 483.74 382.89 161.04 0.00 0.00
8.64 715.78 652.33 656.96 633.49 595.60 543.47 465.22 314.61 25.82 0.00
10.80 735.54 694.96 697.10 671.09 634.28 591.42 525.54 408.69 85.17 0.00
12.96 749.51 731.99 726.87 703.34 670.83 629.52 570.63 455.63 155.46 0.00
15.12 756.57 761.61 749.17 727.53 698.27 659.68 601.51 483.38 235.48 0.00
17.28 756.34 778.20 764.22 745.00 718.69 682.04 623.05 505.21 284.72 0.00
19.44 747.28 784.04 773.79 756.43 731.89 696.96 624.53 518.15 317.58 0.00
21.60 730.02 782.92 774.86 760.72 737.84 698.56 622.13 520.28 337.91 0.00
23.76 705.24 775.19 770.15 757.85 736.57 688.80 614.26 514.74 337.53 0.00
25.91 669.63 762.12 758.37 747.95 726.97 671.12 597.85 500.93 329.10 0.00
28.07 621.79 742.38 740.11 731.42 704.28 645.86 574.17 477.55 304.37 0.00
30.23 554.73 711.75 715.87 709.22 672.08 615.22 543.66 445.38 261.52 0.00
32.39 473.96 678.75 688.06 680.19 636.58 579.48 506.20 401.76 134.79 0.00
34.55 378.82 644.44 661.85 646.25 599.76 539.33 458.98 335.71 22.24 0.00
36.71 258.48 615.67 645.62 615.06 563.45 492.13 390.20 175.23 0.00 0.00
38.87 210.37 602.88 631.01 585.18 520.34 423.19 263.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Table 55
Mesh topology
Start Animation
Figure 83
3D modification proposal
Start Animation
Figure 84
Transmission deviation spectrum
Start Animation
Figure 85
3D transmission error
Start Animation
Figure 86
Load capacity ISO 6336 part 22 - local micropitting calculation
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Mean friction coefficient νm 0.03 -
Bulk temperature (micropitting) θM 95.00 °C
Material factor WW 1.00 -
Permissible specific lubricant film thickness λGfP 0.99 -
Specific lubricant film thickness λGf 0.41 -
Safety factor against micropitting Sλ 0.41 -
Table 56
Flash temperature distribution
Start Animation
Figure 87
Safety against micropitting (contour plot)
Start Animation
Figure 88
Sliding speed
Start Animation
Figure 89
3D specific lubricant film thickness
Start Animation
Figure 90
Stress at the highest loaded tangent (Coast side)
Start Animation
Maximum stresses above the tooth engagement (Coast side)
Start Animation
Campbell Diagram
Start Animation
Eigenvalue calculation - evaluation of critical operating points
Campbell - Is natural frequency critical Campbell - Rotational speeds Campbell - Natural frequencies Campbell - Dominant form of eigenmodes Campbell - meshing orders
Sym. 0-false, 1-true 0-Torsion, 1-Lateral, 2-Axial, 3-Mixed
Unit -- 1/min 1/s -- --
Dynamic tooth mesh stiffness
Sym. Cylindrical stage [66] Unit
Dynamic mesh stiffness cγ_dyn User input -
Dynamic mesh stiffness cγ_dyn - N/(mm·µm)
Table 57
Sonnenrad [22]
Tooth profile incl. Diameters
Start Animation
Figure 91
Tool profile finished
Start Animation
Figure 92
Matrix topology/modification (left flank)
Start Animation
Figure 93
Matrix topology/modification (right flank)
Start Animation
Figure 94
Flank modifications (flank and profile line)
Start Animation
Figure 95
Flank modifications (topology)
Start Animation
Figure 96
Tooth flank (left flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (left flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth flank (right flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (right flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
K-Chart diagram - Profile line (Centre of tooth width)
Start Animation
Figure 97
K-Chart diagram - Flank line (Reference circle)
Start Animation
Figure 98
Planetenrad @ 0.0° [127]
Tooth profile incl. Diameters
Figure 99
Tool profile finished
Figure 100
Matrix topology/modification (left flank)
Figure 101
Matrix topology/modification (right flank)
Figure 102
Flank modifications (flank and profile line)
Figure 103
Flank modifications (topology)
Figure 104
Tooth flank (left flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Tooth root (left flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Tooth flank (right flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Tooth root (right flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
K-Chart diagram - Profile line (Centre of tooth width)
Figure 105
K-Chart diagram - Flank line (Reference circle)
Figure 106
Cylindrical gear [60]
Tooth profile incl. Diameters
Start Animation
Figure 107
Tool profile finished
Start Animation
Figure 108
Matrix topology/modification (left flank)
Start Animation
Figure 109
Matrix topology/modification (right flank)
Start Animation
Figure 110
Flank modifications (flank and profile line)
Start Animation
Figure 111
Flank modifications (topology)
Start Animation
Figure 112
Tooth flank (left flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (left flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth flank (right flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (right flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
K-Chart diagram - Profile line (Centre of tooth width)
Start Animation
Figure 113
K-Chart diagram - Flank line (Reference circle)
Start Animation
Figure 114
Cylindrical gear [61]
Tooth profile incl. Diameters
Start Animation
Figure 115
Tool profile finished
Start Animation
Figure 116
Matrix topology/modification (left flank)
Start Animation
Matrix topology/modification (right flank)
Start Animation
Flank modifications (flank and profile line)
Start Animation
Flank modifications (topology)
Start Animation
Tooth flank (left flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (left flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth flank (right flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (right flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
K-Chart diagram - Profile line (Centre of tooth width)
Start Animation
K-Chart diagram - Flank line (Reference circle)
Start Animation
Cylindrical gear [69]
Tooth profile incl. Diameters
Start Animation
Figure 117
Tool profile finished
Start Animation
Figure 118
Matrix topology/modification (left flank)
Start Animation
Figure 119
Matrix topology/modification (right flank)
Start Animation
Figure 120
Flank modifications (flank and profile line)
Start Animation
Figure 121
Flank modifications (topology)
Start Animation
Figure 122
Tooth flank (left flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (left flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth flank (right flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (right flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
K-Chart diagram - Profile line (Centre of tooth width)
Start Animation
Figure 123
K-Chart diagram - Flank line (Reference circle)
Start Animation
Figure 124
Cylindrical gear [70]
Tooth profile incl. Diameters
Start Animation
Figure 125
Tool profile finished
Start Animation
Figure 126
Matrix topology/modification (left flank)
Start Animation
Matrix topology/modification (right flank)
Start Animation
Flank modifications (flank and profile line)
Start Animation
Flank modifications (topology)
Start Animation
Tooth flank (left flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (left flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth flank (right flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (right flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
K-Chart diagram - Profile line (Centre of tooth width)
Start Animation
K-Chart diagram - Flank line (Reference circle)
Start Animation
Hohlrad [24]
Tooth profile incl. Diameters
Start Animation
Figure 127
Tool profile finished
Start Animation
Figure 128
Matrix topology/modification (left flank)
Start Animation
Figure 129
Matrix topology/modification (right flank)
Start Animation
Figure 130
Flank modifications (flank and profile line)
Start Animation
Figure 131
Flank modifications (topology)
Start Animation
Figure 132
Tooth flank (left flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (left flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth flank (right flank) - Pressure spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
Tooth root (right flank) - Spectrum and S/N curve
Start Animation
K-Chart diagram - Profile line (Centre of tooth width)
Start Animation
Figure 133
K-Chart diagram - Flank line (Reference circle)
Start Animation
Figure 134
Steg [4]
Shaft schematic
Start Animation
Figure 135
General Shaft Data
Sym. Steg [4] Unit
Material 42CrMo4 [1143] -
Length 500.000 mm
Rotational speed n 20.00 1/min
Sense of rotation Clockwise -
Axial coordinate of beginning of shaft -500.000 mm
Material -
Heat treatment Hardened and tempered -
Modulus of elasticity E 210000 N/mm²
Shear modulus 80769.23 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio ν 0.30 -
Density ρ 7.85 kg/dm³
Yield strength or offset yield point 900.00 N/mm²
Tensile strength σB 1100.00 N/mm²
Table 58
Bearing Forces and Moments (Inner Ring)
Sym. Steg [4] Unit
Rolling bearing [25]
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu 168.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv -1005.6 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw -1169.0 N
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around v-axis Mv 29.3 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around w-axis Mw -25.2 Nm
Table 59
Deviations and Tilting (Inner Ring)
Sym. Steg [4] Unit
Rolling bearing [25]
Displacement of the inner ring in u-direction -2.0 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in v-direction 1.3 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in w-direction 1.5 µm
Tilting of the inner ring around w-axis ww 0.000668 °
Tilting of the inner ring around v-axis wv -0.000536 °
Table 60
Bearing Forces and Moments (Outer Ring)
Sym. Steg [4] Unit
Rolling bearing [25]
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in u-direction Fu -168.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in v-direction Fv 1005.6 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in w-direction Fw 1169.0 N
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around v-axis Mv -29.3 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around w-axis Mw 25.2 Nm
Table 61
Deviations and Tilting (Outer Ring)
Sym. Steg [4] Unit
Rolling bearing [25]
Displacement of the outer ring in u-direction 0.0 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in v-direction 0.0 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in w-direction 0.0 µm
Tilting of the outer ring around w-axis ww 0.00 °
Tilting of the outer ring around v-axis wv 0.00 °
Table 62
Coupling forces and torques
Sym. Steg [4] Unit
Koppelung [35]
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in u-direction - N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in v-direction - N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in w-direction - N
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around u-axis - Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around v-axis - Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around w-axis - Nm
Coupling displacements and torsions
Sym. Steg [4] Unit
Koppelung [35]
Displacement of side 1 in u-direction - µm
Displacement of side 1 in v-direction - µm
Displacement of side 1 in w-direction - µm
Tilting of side 1 around u-axis - °
Tilting of side 1 around v-axis - °
Tilting of side 1 around w-axis - °
3D bending curve
Start Animation
Bending line
Start Animation
Shear force distribution
Start Animation
Bending moment curve
Start Animation
Torque and torsion curve
Start Animation
Axial force / displacement
Start Animation
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743 (2012)
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture Shaft safety against plastic deformation Safety against cracking, shaft
Sym. SD SF SA
Unit - - -
Shaft safety (DIN743)
Start Animation
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743
Sym. Unit
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture SD -
Shaft safety against plastic deformation SF -
Safety against cracking, shaft SA -
Notch - General Data
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Type of loading -
Shaft diameter at notch root d mm
Nominal diameter of shaft da mm
Inner diameter of shaft di mm
Notch depth t mm
Width m mm
Notch radius r mm
Bore radius (cross-bore) rL mm
Surface roughness R_z Rz µm
Notch reference diameter dBK mm
Notch reference roughness height RzB µm
Notch material -
Nominal diameter for heat treatment deff mm
DIN 743 Influence Factors
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Technological size factor K1 -
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Technological size factor K1 tensile strength K1(deff) -
Geometric size factor K2, bending K2_(d)b -
Geometric size factor K2, tension K2_(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K2, torsion K2_(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, component, bending K3(d)b -
Geometric size factor K3, component, tension K3(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, component, torsion K3(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, bending K3(d_BK)b -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, tension K3(d_BK)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, torsion K3(d_BK)t -
Surface hardening factor KV, bending/torsion KVbt -
Surface hardening factor KV, tension KVzd -
Surface roughness factor KF, bending KFσ -
Surface roughness factor KF, torsion KFτ -
DIN 743 - Loads
Sym. Unit
Alternating load axial force, upper value FzdO N
Alternating load bending moment, upper value MbO Nm
Alternation load torsional moment, upper value MtO Nm
Stress Ratios -
Service factor cB -
Stress curve axial force -
Amplitude stress curve axial force %
Stress ratio R of the axial force RFzd -
Stress curve bending moment -
Amplitude stress curve bending moment %
Stress ratio R of the bending moment RMb -
Stress curve torque -
Amplitude stress curve torque %
Stress ratio R of the torsional moment RMt -
Maximum Load -
Impact factor for maximum load KS -
Maximum force (alternative to impact coefficient) Fzdmax N
Maximum bending moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mbmax Nm
Maximum torsional moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mtmax Nm
Loads - Tension -
Maximum stress, tension σzdmax MPa
Mean stress, tension σzdm MPa
Stress amplitude, tension σzda MPa
Loads - bending -
Maximum stress, bending σbmax MPa
Mean stress, bending σbm MPa
Stress amplitude, bending σba MPa
Loads - Torsion -
Maximum stress, torsion τtmax MPa
Mean stress, torsion τtm MPa
Stress amplitude, torsional τta MPa
DIN 743 - Stress concentration factor
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor, bending ασ -
Stress concentration factor, tension ασ -
Stress concentration factor, torsion ατ -
DIN 743 - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Calculated notch factor, bending ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, tension ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, torsion ßτ -
Experimental notch factor, bending ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, tension ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, torsion ßτ -
DIN 743 - Supporting factors
Sym. Unit
Supporting factor, bending nb -
Supporting factor, tension nzd -
Supporting factor, torsion nt -
Static supporting effect K2F, tension K2Fzd -
Static supporting effect K2F, bending K2Fb -
Static supporting effect K2F, torsion K2Ft -
DIN 743 - Yield strength
Sym. Unit
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Component yield strength, tension σFK_z MPa
Component yield strength, bending σFK_b MPa
Component yield strength, torsion σFK_t MPa
Increase factor for yield strength, tension ΥFzd -
Increase factor for yield strength, bending ΥFb -
Increase factor for yield strength, torsion ΥFt -
DIN 743 - Fatigue strength
Sym. Unit
Component reversed fatigue strength, tension σWK_zd MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, bending σWK_b MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, torsion τWK_t MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, tension σADK_zd MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, bending σADK_b MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, torsion τADK_t MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Safety factors
Sym. Unit
Nominal static safety factor of all loads combined SSK_sta_tot -
Nominal cyclic safety factor of all loads combined SSK_cyc_tot -
Shaft safety (FKM)
Start Animation
FKM Guideline (2012) - Degree of utilizations
Sym. Unit
Nominal static degree of utilization of tension-compression force in the u-direction aSK_sta_zd -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the v-direction aSK_sta_s,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the w-direction aSK_sta_s,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the v-direction aSK_sta_b,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the w-direction aSK_sta_b,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of torsional moment in the u-direction aSK_sta_t,u -
Nominal static degree of utilization of all loads combined aSK_sta_tot -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress concentration factors
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to tension-compression force in u-direction Kt_zd,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in v-direction Kt_s,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in w-direction Kt_s,w -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to torsional moment in u-direction Kt_t,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kt_b,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kt_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors of probes
Sym. Unit
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w(d_p) -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress gradients
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic global normal stress gradient Gσ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic global shear stress gradient Gτ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local normal stress gradient Gσ(r) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local shear stress gradient Gτ(r) 1/mm
FKM Guideline (2012) - Cyclic stress ratios
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to tension-compression forces in the u-direction Rσ_N_cyc_zd,u -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the v-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,v -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the w-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,w -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to torsional moment about the u-direction Rτ_N_cyc_t,u -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the v-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,v -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the w-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Yield strengths
Sym. Unit
Yield strength of component Rp MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Tensile strengths
Sym. Unit
Tensile strength of component Rm MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - User defined parameters
Sym. Unit
Additional safety factor for castings -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Consider influence of anisotropy -
Is polished component -
Load safety factor -
Maximum static bending stress on tension side -
Miner variant under cyclic load -
Overloading type under cyclic load -
Probability of the occurrence of all maxima at the same time -
Regular inspections under cyclic load -
Surface treatment factor KV -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Temperature under static load °C
Time of operation at temperature under static load h
Use equivalent mean stress under cyclic load -
Steg [6]
Shaft schematic
Start Animation
Figure 136
General Shaft Data
Sym. Steg [6] Unit
Material 42CrMo4 [1143] -
Length 200.000 mm
Rotational speed n 20.00 1/min
Sense of rotation Clockwise -
Axial coordinate of beginning of shaft 450.000 mm
Material -
Heat treatment Hardened and tempered -
Modulus of elasticity E 210000 N/mm²
Shear modulus 80769.23 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio ν 0.30 -
Density ρ 7.85 kg/dm³
Yield strength or offset yield point 900.00 N/mm²
Tensile strength σB 1100.00 N/mm²
Table 63
Bearing Forces and Moments (Inner Ring)
Sym. Steg [6] Unit
Rolling bearing [41]
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu -0.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv 999.1 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw 1167.5 N
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around v-axis Mv 0.1 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around w-axis Mw -0.1 Nm
Table 64
Deviations and Tilting (Inner Ring)
Sym. Steg [6] Unit
Rolling bearing [41]
Displacement of the inner ring in u-direction -1.7 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in v-direction -1.6 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in w-direction -1.9 µm
Tilting of the inner ring around w-axis ww 0.000452 °
Tilting of the inner ring around v-axis wv -0.000572 °
Table 65
Bearing Forces and Moments (Outer Ring)
Sym. Steg [6] Unit
Rolling bearing [41]
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in u-direction Fu -0.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in v-direction Fv -999.1 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in w-direction Fw -1167.5 N
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around v-axis Mv -0.1 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around w-axis Mw 0.1 Nm
Table 66
Deviations and Tilting (Outer Ring)
Sym. Steg [6] Unit
Rolling bearing [41]
Displacement of the outer ring in u-direction -1.7 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in v-direction 0.0 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in w-direction 0.0 µm
Tilting of the outer ring around w-axis ww 0.00 °
Tilting of the outer ring around v-axis wv 0.00 °
Table 67
Coupling forces and torques
Sym. Steg [6] Unit
Koppelung [36]
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in u-direction - N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in v-direction - N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in w-direction - N
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around u-axis - Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around v-axis - Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around w-axis - Nm
Coupling displacements and torsions
Sym. Steg [6] Unit
Koppelung [36]
Displacement of side 1 in u-direction - µm
Displacement of side 1 in v-direction - µm
Displacement of side 1 in w-direction - µm
Tilting of side 1 around u-axis - °
Tilting of side 1 around v-axis - °
Tilting of side 1 around w-axis - °
3D bending curve
Start Animation
Bending line
Start Animation
Shear force distribution
Start Animation
Bending moment curve
Start Animation
Torque and torsion curve
Start Animation
Axial force / displacement
Start Animation
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743 (2012)
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture Shaft safety against plastic deformation Safety against cracking, shaft
Sym. SD SF SA
Unit - - -
Shaft safety (DIN743)
Start Animation
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743
Sym. Unit
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture SD -
Shaft safety against plastic deformation SF -
Safety against cracking, shaft SA -
Notch - General Data
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Type of loading -
Shaft diameter at notch root d mm
Nominal diameter of shaft da mm
Inner diameter of shaft di mm
Notch depth t mm
Width m mm
Notch radius r mm
Bore radius (cross-bore) rL mm
Surface roughness R_z Rz µm
Notch reference diameter dBK mm
Notch reference roughness height RzB µm
Notch material -
Nominal diameter for heat treatment deff mm
DIN 743 Influence Factors
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Technological size factor K1 -
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Technological size factor K1 tensile strength K1(deff) -
Geometric size factor K2, bending K2_(d)b -
Geometric size factor K2, tension K2_(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K2, torsion K2_(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, component, bending K3(d)b -
Geometric size factor K3, component, tension K3(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, component, torsion K3(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, bending K3(d_BK)b -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, tension K3(d_BK)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, torsion K3(d_BK)t -
Surface hardening factor KV, bending/torsion KVbt -
Surface hardening factor KV, tension KVzd -
Surface roughness factor KF, bending KFσ -
Surface roughness factor KF, torsion KFτ -
DIN 743 - Loads
Sym. Unit
Alternating load axial force, upper value FzdO N
Alternating load bending moment, upper value MbO Nm
Alternation load torsional moment, upper value MtO Nm
Stress Ratios -
Service factor cB -
Stress curve axial force -
Amplitude stress curve axial force %
Stress ratio R of the axial force RFzd -
Stress curve bending moment -
Amplitude stress curve bending moment %
Stress ratio R of the bending moment RMb -
Stress curve torque -
Amplitude stress curve torque %
Stress ratio R of the torsional moment RMt -
Maximum Load -
Impact factor for maximum load KS -
Maximum force (alternative to impact coefficient) Fzdmax N
Maximum bending moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mbmax Nm
Maximum torsional moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mtmax Nm
Loads - Tension -
Maximum stress, tension σzdmax MPa
Mean stress, tension σzdm MPa
Stress amplitude, tension σzda MPa
Loads - bending -
Maximum stress, bending σbmax MPa
Mean stress, bending σbm MPa
Stress amplitude, bending σba MPa
Loads - Torsion -
Maximum stress, torsion τtmax MPa
Mean stress, torsion τtm MPa
Stress amplitude, torsional τta MPa
DIN 743 - Stress concentration factor
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor, bending ασ -
Stress concentration factor, tension ασ -
Stress concentration factor, torsion ατ -
DIN 743 - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Calculated notch factor, bending ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, tension ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, torsion ßτ -
Experimental notch factor, bending ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, tension ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, torsion ßτ -
DIN 743 - Supporting factors
Sym. Unit
Supporting factor, bending nb -
Supporting factor, tension nzd -
Supporting factor, torsion nt -
Static supporting effect K2F, tension K2Fzd -
Static supporting effect K2F, bending K2Fb -
Static supporting effect K2F, torsion K2Ft -
DIN 743 - Yield strength
Sym. Unit
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Component yield strength, tension σFK_z MPa
Component yield strength, bending σFK_b MPa
Component yield strength, torsion σFK_t MPa
Increase factor for yield strength, tension ΥFzd -
Increase factor for yield strength, bending ΥFb -
Increase factor for yield strength, torsion ΥFt -
DIN 743 - Fatigue strength
Sym. Unit
Component reversed fatigue strength, tension σWK_zd MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, bending σWK_b MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, torsion τWK_t MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, tension σADK_zd MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, bending σADK_b MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, torsion τADK_t MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Safety factors
Sym. Unit
Nominal static safety factor of all loads combined SSK_sta_tot -
Nominal cyclic safety factor of all loads combined SSK_cyc_tot -
Shaft safety (FKM)
Start Animation
FKM Guideline (2012) - Degree of utilizations
Sym. Unit
Nominal static degree of utilization of tension-compression force in the u-direction aSK_sta_zd -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the v-direction aSK_sta_s,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the w-direction aSK_sta_s,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the v-direction aSK_sta_b,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the w-direction aSK_sta_b,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of torsional moment in the u-direction aSK_sta_t,u -
Nominal static degree of utilization of all loads combined aSK_sta_tot -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress concentration factors
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to tension-compression force in u-direction Kt_zd,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in v-direction Kt_s,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in w-direction Kt_s,w -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to torsional moment in u-direction Kt_t,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kt_b,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kt_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors of probes
Sym. Unit
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w(d_p) -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress gradients
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic global normal stress gradient Gσ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic global shear stress gradient Gτ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local normal stress gradient Gσ(r) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local shear stress gradient Gτ(r) 1/mm
FKM Guideline (2012) - Cyclic stress ratios
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to tension-compression forces in the u-direction Rσ_N_cyc_zd,u -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the v-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,v -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the w-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,w -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to torsional moment about the u-direction Rτ_N_cyc_t,u -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the v-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,v -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the w-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Yield strengths
Sym. Unit
Yield strength of component Rp MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Tensile strengths
Sym. Unit
Tensile strength of component Rm MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - User defined parameters
Sym. Unit
Additional safety factor for castings -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Consider influence of anisotropy -
Is polished component -
Load safety factor -
Maximum static bending stress on tension side -
Miner variant under cyclic load -
Overloading type under cyclic load -
Probability of the occurrence of all maxima at the same time -
Regular inspections under cyclic load -
Surface treatment factor KV -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Temperature under static load °C
Time of operation at temperature under static load h
Use equivalent mean stress under cyclic load -
Sonnenwelle [12]
Shaft schematic
Start Animation
Figure 137
General Shaft Data
Sym. Sonnenwelle [12] Unit
Material 42CrMo4 [1143] -
Length 1387.000 mm
Rotational speed n 113.68 1/min
Sense of rotation Clockwise -
Axial coordinate of beginning of shaft 0.000 mm
Material -
Heat treatment Hardened and tempered -
Modulus of elasticity E 210000 N/mm²
Shear modulus 80769.23 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio ν 0.30 -
Density ρ 7.85 kg/dm³
Yield strength or offset yield point 900.00 N/mm²
Tensile strength σB 1100.00 N/mm²
Table 68
Bearing Forces and Moments (Inner Ring)
Sym. Unit
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw N
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around v-axis Mv Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around w-axis Mw Nm
Deviations and Tilting (Inner Ring)
Sym. Unit
Displacement of the inner ring in u-direction µm
Displacement of the inner ring in v-direction µm
Displacement of the inner ring in w-direction µm
Tilting of the inner ring around w-axis ww °
Tilting of the inner ring around v-axis wv °
Bearing Forces and Moments (Outer Ring)
Sym. Unit
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in u-direction Fu N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in v-direction Fv N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in w-direction Fw N
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around v-axis Mv Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around w-axis Mw Nm
Deviations and Tilting (Outer Ring)
Sym. Unit
Displacement of the outer ring in u-direction µm
Displacement of the outer ring in v-direction µm
Displacement of the outer ring in w-direction µm
Tilting of the outer ring around w-axis ww °
Tilting of the outer ring around v-axis wv °
Coupling forces and torques
Sym. Sonnenwelle [12] Unit
Coupling [44]
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in u-direction 94177.3 N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in v-direction 2.7 N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in w-direction 1.6 N
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around u-axis -124627.6 Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around v-axis 0.0 Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around w-axis 0.0 Nm
Table 69
Coupling displacements and torsions
Sym. Sonnenwelle [12] Unit
Coupling [44]
Displacement of side 1 in u-direction -4.6 µm
Displacement of side 1 in v-direction 5.6 µm
Displacement of side 1 in w-direction -8.0 µm
Tilting of side 1 around u-axis 0.0 °
Tilting of side 1 around v-axis -0.000296 °
Tilting of side 1 around w-axis 0.000419 °
Table 70
3D bending curve
Start Animation
Figure 138
Bending line
Start Animation
Figure 139
Shear force distribution
Start Animation
Figure 140
Bending moment curve
Start Animation
Figure 141
Torque and torsion curve
Start Animation
Figure 142
Axial force / displacement
Start Animation
Figure 143
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743 (2012)
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture Shaft safety against plastic deformation Safety against cracking, shaft
Sym. SD SF SA
Unit - - -
Shaft safety (DIN743)
Start Animation
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743
Sym. Unit
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture SD -
Shaft safety against plastic deformation SF -
Safety against cracking, shaft SA -
Notch - General Data
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Type of loading -
Shaft diameter at notch root d mm
Nominal diameter of shaft da mm
Inner diameter of shaft di mm
Notch depth t mm
Width m mm
Notch radius r mm
Bore radius (cross-bore) rL mm
Surface roughness R_z Rz µm
Notch reference diameter dBK mm
Notch reference roughness height RzB µm
Notch material -
Nominal diameter for heat treatment deff mm
DIN 743 Influence Factors
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Technological size factor K1 -
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Technological size factor K1 tensile strength K1(deff) -
Geometric size factor K2, bending K2_(d)b -
Geometric size factor K2, tension K2_(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K2, torsion K2_(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, component, bending K3(d)b -
Geometric size factor K3, component, tension K3(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, component, torsion K3(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, bending K3(d_BK)b -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, tension K3(d_BK)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, torsion K3(d_BK)t -
Surface hardening factor KV, bending/torsion KVbt -
Surface hardening factor KV, tension KVzd -
Surface roughness factor KF, bending KFσ -
Surface roughness factor KF, torsion KFτ -
DIN 743 - Loads
Sym. Unit
Alternating load axial force, upper value FzdO N
Alternating load bending moment, upper value MbO Nm
Alternation load torsional moment, upper value MtO Nm
Stress Ratios -
Service factor cB -
Stress curve axial force -
Amplitude stress curve axial force %
Stress ratio R of the axial force RFzd -
Stress curve bending moment -
Amplitude stress curve bending moment %
Stress ratio R of the bending moment RMb -
Stress curve torque -
Amplitude stress curve torque %
Stress ratio R of the torsional moment RMt -
Maximum Load -
Impact factor for maximum load KS -
Maximum force (alternative to impact coefficient) Fzdmax N
Maximum bending moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mbmax Nm
Maximum torsional moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mtmax Nm
Loads - Tension -
Maximum stress, tension σzdmax MPa
Mean stress, tension σzdm MPa
Stress amplitude, tension σzda MPa
Loads - bending -
Maximum stress, bending σbmax MPa
Mean stress, bending σbm MPa
Stress amplitude, bending σba MPa
Loads - Torsion -
Maximum stress, torsion τtmax MPa
Mean stress, torsion τtm MPa
Stress amplitude, torsional τta MPa
DIN 743 - Stress concentration factor
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor, bending ασ -
Stress concentration factor, tension ασ -
Stress concentration factor, torsion ατ -
DIN 743 - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Calculated notch factor, bending ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, tension ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, torsion ßτ -
Experimental notch factor, bending ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, tension ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, torsion ßτ -
DIN 743 - Supporting factors
Sym. Unit
Supporting factor, bending nb -
Supporting factor, tension nzd -
Supporting factor, torsion nt -
Static supporting effect K2F, tension K2Fzd -
Static supporting effect K2F, bending K2Fb -
Static supporting effect K2F, torsion K2Ft -
DIN 743 - Yield strength
Sym. Unit
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Component yield strength, tension σFK_z MPa
Component yield strength, bending σFK_b MPa
Component yield strength, torsion σFK_t MPa
Increase factor for yield strength, tension ΥFzd -
Increase factor for yield strength, bending ΥFb -
Increase factor for yield strength, torsion ΥFt -
DIN 743 - Fatigue strength
Sym. Unit
Component reversed fatigue strength, tension σWK_zd MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, bending σWK_b MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, torsion τWK_t MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, tension σADK_zd MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, bending σADK_b MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, torsion τADK_t MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Safety factors
Sym. Unit
Nominal static safety factor of all loads combined SSK_sta_tot -
Nominal cyclic safety factor of all loads combined SSK_cyc_tot -
Shaft safety (FKM)
Start Animation
FKM Guideline (2012) - Degree of utilizations
Sym. Unit
Nominal static degree of utilization of tension-compression force in the u-direction aSK_sta_zd -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the v-direction aSK_sta_s,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the w-direction aSK_sta_s,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the v-direction aSK_sta_b,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the w-direction aSK_sta_b,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of torsional moment in the u-direction aSK_sta_t,u -
Nominal static degree of utilization of all loads combined aSK_sta_tot -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress concentration factors
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to tension-compression force in u-direction Kt_zd,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in v-direction Kt_s,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in w-direction Kt_s,w -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to torsional moment in u-direction Kt_t,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kt_b,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kt_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors of probes
Sym. Unit
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w(d_p) -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress gradients
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic global normal stress gradient Gσ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic global shear stress gradient Gτ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local normal stress gradient Gσ(r) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local shear stress gradient Gτ(r) 1/mm
FKM Guideline (2012) - Cyclic stress ratios
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to tension-compression forces in the u-direction Rσ_N_cyc_zd,u -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the v-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,v -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the w-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,w -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to torsional moment about the u-direction Rτ_N_cyc_t,u -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the v-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,v -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the w-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Yield strengths
Sym. Unit
Yield strength of component Rp MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Tensile strengths
Sym. Unit
Tensile strength of component Rm MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - User defined parameters
Sym. Unit
Additional safety factor for castings -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Consider influence of anisotropy -
Is polished component -
Load safety factor -
Maximum static bending stress on tension side -
Miner variant under cyclic load -
Overloading type under cyclic load -
Probability of the occurrence of all maxima at the same time -
Regular inspections under cyclic load -
Surface treatment factor KV -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Temperature under static load °C
Time of operation at temperature under static load h
Use equivalent mean stress under cyclic load -
Planetenwelle @ 0.0° [124]
Shaft schematic
Figure 144
General Shaft Data
Sym. Planetenwelle @ 0.0° [124] Unit
Material 42CrMo4 [1143] -
Length 440.000 mm
Rotational speed n 50.86 1/min
Sense of rotation Anticlockwise -
Axial coordinate of beginning of shaft 5.000 mm
Material -
Heat treatment Hardened and tempered -
Modulus of elasticity E 210000 N/mm²
Shear modulus 80769.23 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio ν 0.30 -
Density ρ 7.85 kg/dm³
Yield strength or offset yield point 900.00 N/mm²
Tensile strength σB 1100.00 N/mm²
Table 71
Bearing Forces and Moments (Inner Ring)
Sym. Planetenwelle @ 0.0° [124] Unit
Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118]
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu -0.0 -0.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv 290218.0 187250.6 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw -95250.9 95250.9 N
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around v-axis Mv -379.4 -285.5 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around w-axis Mw -380.2 53.9 Nm
Table 72
Deviations and Tilting (Inner Ring)
Sym. Planetenwelle @ 0.0° [124] Unit
Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118]
Displacement of the inner ring in u-direction -5.5 -5.5 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in v-direction -392.4 -344.8 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in w-direction -10.7 0.2 µm
Tilting of the inner ring around w-axis ww 0.0144 0.00883 °
Tilting of the inner ring around v-axis wv -0.00198 -0.00192 °
Table 73
Bearing Forces and Moments (Outer Ring)
Sym. Planetenwelle @ 0.0° [124] Unit
Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118]
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in u-direction Fu -0.0 -0.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in v-direction Fv -290218.0 -187250.6 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in w-direction Fw 95250.9 -95250.9 N
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around v-axis Mv 379.4 285.5 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around w-axis Mw 380.2 -53.9 Nm
Table 74
Deviations and Tilting (Outer Ring)
Sym. Planetenwelle @ 0.0° [124] Unit
Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118]
Displacement of the outer ring in u-direction -6.3 -5.5 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in v-direction -326.7 -297.5 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in w-direction -32.1 24.2 µm
Tilting of the outer ring around w-axis ww 0.00753 0.00754 °
Tilting of the outer ring around v-axis wv -0.0151 -0.0151 °
Table 75
Coupling forces and torques
Sym. Unit
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in u-direction N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in v-direction N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in w-direction N
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around u-axis Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around v-axis Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around w-axis Nm
Coupling displacements and torsions
Sym. Unit
Displacement of side 1 in u-direction µm
Displacement of side 1 in v-direction µm
Displacement of side 1 in w-direction µm
Tilting of side 1 around u-axis °
Tilting of side 1 around v-axis °
Tilting of side 1 around w-axis °
3D bending curve
Figure 145
Bending line
Figure 146
Shear force distribution
Figure 147
Bending moment curve
Figure 148
Torque and torsion curve
Figure 149
Axial force / displacement
Figure 150
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743 (2012)
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture Shaft safety against plastic deformation Safety against cracking, shaft
Sym. SD SF SA
Unit - - -
Shaft safety (DIN743)
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743
Sym. Unit
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture SD -
Shaft safety against plastic deformation SF -
Safety against cracking, shaft SA -
Notch - General Data
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Type of loading -
Shaft diameter at notch root d mm
Nominal diameter of shaft da mm
Inner diameter of shaft di mm
Notch depth t mm
Width m mm
Notch radius r mm
Bore radius (cross-bore) rL mm
Surface roughness R_z Rz µm
Notch reference diameter dBK mm
Notch reference roughness height RzB µm
Notch material -
Nominal diameter for heat treatment deff mm
DIN 743 Influence Factors
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Technological size factor K1 -
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Technological size factor K1 tensile strength K1(deff) -
Geometric size factor K2, bending K2_(d)b -
Geometric size factor K2, tension K2_(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K2, torsion K2_(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, component, bending K3(d)b -
Geometric size factor K3, component, tension K3(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, component, torsion K3(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, bending K3(d_BK)b -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, tension K3(d_BK)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, torsion K3(d_BK)t -
Surface hardening factor KV, bending/torsion KVbt -
Surface hardening factor KV, tension KVzd -
Surface roughness factor KF, bending KFσ -
Surface roughness factor KF, torsion KFτ -
DIN 743 - Loads
Sym. Unit
Alternating load axial force, upper value FzdO N
Alternating load bending moment, upper value MbO Nm
Alternation load torsional moment, upper value MtO Nm
Stress Ratios -
Service factor cB -
Stress curve axial force -
Amplitude stress curve axial force %
Stress ratio R of the axial force RFzd -
Stress curve bending moment -
Amplitude stress curve bending moment %
Stress ratio R of the bending moment RMb -
Stress curve torque -
Amplitude stress curve torque %
Stress ratio R of the torsional moment RMt -
Maximum Load -
Impact factor for maximum load KS -
Maximum force (alternative to impact coefficient) Fzdmax N
Maximum bending moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mbmax Nm
Maximum torsional moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mtmax Nm
Loads - Tension -
Maximum stress, tension σzdmax MPa
Mean stress, tension σzdm MPa
Stress amplitude, tension σzda MPa
Loads - bending -
Maximum stress, bending σbmax MPa
Mean stress, bending σbm MPa
Stress amplitude, bending σba MPa
Loads - Torsion -
Maximum stress, torsion τtmax MPa
Mean stress, torsion τtm MPa
Stress amplitude, torsional τta MPa
DIN 743 - Stress concentration factor
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor, bending ασ -
Stress concentration factor, tension ασ -
Stress concentration factor, torsion ατ -
DIN 743 - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Calculated notch factor, bending ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, tension ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, torsion ßτ -
Experimental notch factor, bending ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, tension ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, torsion ßτ -
DIN 743 - Supporting factors
Sym. Unit
Supporting factor, bending nb -
Supporting factor, tension nzd -
Supporting factor, torsion nt -
Static supporting effect K2F, tension K2Fzd -
Static supporting effect K2F, bending K2Fb -
Static supporting effect K2F, torsion K2Ft -
DIN 743 - Yield strength
Sym. Unit
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Component yield strength, tension σFK_z MPa
Component yield strength, bending σFK_b MPa
Component yield strength, torsion σFK_t MPa
Increase factor for yield strength, tension ΥFzd -
Increase factor for yield strength, bending ΥFb -
Increase factor for yield strength, torsion ΥFt -
DIN 743 - Fatigue strength
Sym. Unit
Component reversed fatigue strength, tension σWK_zd MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, bending σWK_b MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, torsion τWK_t MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, tension σADK_zd MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, bending σADK_b MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, torsion τADK_t MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Safety factors
Sym. Unit
Nominal static safety factor of all loads combined SSK_sta_tot -
Nominal cyclic safety factor of all loads combined SSK_cyc_tot -
Shaft safety (FKM)
FKM Guideline (2012) - Degree of utilizations
Sym. Unit
Nominal static degree of utilization of tension-compression force in the u-direction aSK_sta_zd -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the v-direction aSK_sta_s,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the w-direction aSK_sta_s,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the v-direction aSK_sta_b,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the w-direction aSK_sta_b,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of torsional moment in the u-direction aSK_sta_t,u -
Nominal static degree of utilization of all loads combined aSK_sta_tot -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress concentration factors
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to tension-compression force in u-direction Kt_zd,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in v-direction Kt_s,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in w-direction Kt_s,w -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to torsional moment in u-direction Kt_t,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kt_b,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kt_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors of probes
Sym. Unit
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w(d_p) -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress gradients
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic global normal stress gradient Gσ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic global shear stress gradient Gτ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local normal stress gradient Gσ(r) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local shear stress gradient Gτ(r) 1/mm
FKM Guideline (2012) - Cyclic stress ratios
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to tension-compression forces in the u-direction Rσ_N_cyc_zd,u -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the v-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,v -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the w-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,w -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to torsional moment about the u-direction Rτ_N_cyc_t,u -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the v-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,v -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the w-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Yield strengths
Sym. Unit
Yield strength of component Rp MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Tensile strengths
Sym. Unit
Tensile strength of component Rm MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - User defined parameters
Sym. Unit
Additional safety factor for castings -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Consider influence of anisotropy -
Is polished component -
Load safety factor -
Maximum static bending stress on tension side -
Miner variant under cyclic load -
Overloading type under cyclic load -
Probability of the occurrence of all maxima at the same time -
Regular inspections under cyclic load -
Surface treatment factor KV -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Temperature under static load °C
Time of operation at temperature under static load h
Use equivalent mean stress under cyclic load -
Hohlradwelle [28]
Shaft schematic
Start Animation
Figure 151
General Shaft Data
Sym. Hohlradwelle [28] Unit
Material 42CrMo4 [1143] -
Length 450.000 mm
Rotational speed n 0.00 1/min
Sense of rotation -- -
Axial coordinate of beginning of shaft 0.000 mm
Material -
Heat treatment Hardened and tempered -
Modulus of elasticity E 210000 N/mm²
Shear modulus 80769.23 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio ν 0.30 -
Density ρ 7.85 kg/dm³
Yield strength or offset yield point 900.00 N/mm²
Tensile strength σB 1100.00 N/mm²
Table 76
Bearing Forces and Moments (Inner Ring)
Sym. Unit
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw N
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around v-axis Mv Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around w-axis Mw Nm
Deviations and Tilting (Inner Ring)
Sym. Unit
Displacement of the inner ring in u-direction µm
Displacement of the inner ring in v-direction µm
Displacement of the inner ring in w-direction µm
Tilting of the inner ring around w-axis ww °
Tilting of the inner ring around v-axis wv °
Bearing Forces and Moments (Outer Ring)
Sym. Unit
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in u-direction Fu N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in v-direction Fv N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in w-direction Fw N
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around v-axis Mv Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around w-axis Mw Nm
Deviations and Tilting (Outer Ring)
Sym. Unit
Displacement of the outer ring in u-direction µm
Displacement of the outer ring in v-direction µm
Displacement of the outer ring in w-direction µm
Tilting of the outer ring around w-axis ww °
Tilting of the outer ring around v-axis wv °
Coupling forces and torques
Sym. Hohlradwelle [28] Unit
Coupling [31] Coupling [32]
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in u-direction -55490.7 -38854.6 N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in v-direction 2445.7 -2442.0 N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in w-direction 2844.0 -2844.1 N
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around u-axis -347440.3 -243277.3 Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around v-axis 43.7 270.2 Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around w-axis -491.7 221.5 Nm
Table 77
Coupling displacements and torsions
Sym. Hohlradwelle [28] Unit
Coupling [31] Coupling [32]
Displacement of side 1 in u-direction 0.0 0.0 µm
Displacement of side 1 in v-direction 0.0 0.0 µm
Displacement of side 1 in w-direction 0.0 0.0 µm
Tilting of side 1 around u-axis 0.0 0.0 °
Tilting of side 1 around v-axis 0.00 0.00 °
Tilting of side 1 around w-axis 0.00 0.00 °
Table 78
3D bending curve
Start Animation
Figure 152
Bending line
Start Animation
Figure 153
Shear force distribution
Start Animation
Figure 154
Bending moment curve
Start Animation
Figure 155
Torque and torsion curve
Start Animation
Figure 156
Axial force / displacement
Start Animation
Figure 157
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743 (2012)
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture Shaft safety against plastic deformation Safety against cracking, shaft
Sym. SD SF SA
Unit - - -
Shaft safety (DIN743)
Start Animation
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743
Sym. Unit
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture SD -
Shaft safety against plastic deformation SF -
Safety against cracking, shaft SA -
Notch - General Data
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Type of loading -
Shaft diameter at notch root d mm
Nominal diameter of shaft da mm
Inner diameter of shaft di mm
Notch depth t mm
Width m mm
Notch radius r mm
Bore radius (cross-bore) rL mm
Surface roughness R_z Rz µm
Notch reference diameter dBK mm
Notch reference roughness height RzB µm
Notch material -
Nominal diameter for heat treatment deff mm
DIN 743 Influence Factors
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Technological size factor K1 -
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Technological size factor K1 tensile strength K1(deff) -
Geometric size factor K2, bending K2_(d)b -
Geometric size factor K2, tension K2_(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K2, torsion K2_(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, component, bending K3(d)b -
Geometric size factor K3, component, tension K3(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, component, torsion K3(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, bending K3(d_BK)b -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, tension K3(d_BK)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, torsion K3(d_BK)t -
Surface hardening factor KV, bending/torsion KVbt -
Surface hardening factor KV, tension KVzd -
Surface roughness factor KF, bending KFσ -
Surface roughness factor KF, torsion KFτ -
DIN 743 - Loads
Sym. Unit
Alternating load axial force, upper value FzdO N
Alternating load bending moment, upper value MbO Nm
Alternation load torsional moment, upper value MtO Nm
Stress Ratios -
Service factor cB -
Stress curve axial force -
Amplitude stress curve axial force %
Stress ratio R of the axial force RFzd -
Stress curve bending moment -
Amplitude stress curve bending moment %
Stress ratio R of the bending moment RMb -
Stress curve torque -
Amplitude stress curve torque %
Stress ratio R of the torsional moment RMt -
Maximum Load -
Impact factor for maximum load KS -
Maximum force (alternative to impact coefficient) Fzdmax N
Maximum bending moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mbmax Nm
Maximum torsional moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mtmax Nm
Loads - Tension -
Maximum stress, tension σzdmax MPa
Mean stress, tension σzdm MPa
Stress amplitude, tension σzda MPa
Loads - bending -
Maximum stress, bending σbmax MPa
Mean stress, bending σbm MPa
Stress amplitude, bending σba MPa
Loads - Torsion -
Maximum stress, torsion τtmax MPa
Mean stress, torsion τtm MPa
Stress amplitude, torsional τta MPa
DIN 743 - Stress concentration factor
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor, bending ασ -
Stress concentration factor, tension ασ -
Stress concentration factor, torsion ατ -
DIN 743 - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Calculated notch factor, bending ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, tension ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, torsion ßτ -
Experimental notch factor, bending ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, tension ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, torsion ßτ -
DIN 743 - Supporting factors
Sym. Unit
Supporting factor, bending nb -
Supporting factor, tension nzd -
Supporting factor, torsion nt -
Static supporting effect K2F, tension K2Fzd -
Static supporting effect K2F, bending K2Fb -
Static supporting effect K2F, torsion K2Ft -
DIN 743 - Yield strength
Sym. Unit
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Component yield strength, tension σFK_z MPa
Component yield strength, bending σFK_b MPa
Component yield strength, torsion σFK_t MPa
Increase factor for yield strength, tension ΥFzd -
Increase factor for yield strength, bending ΥFb -
Increase factor for yield strength, torsion ΥFt -
DIN 743 - Fatigue strength
Sym. Unit
Component reversed fatigue strength, tension σWK_zd MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, bending σWK_b MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, torsion τWK_t MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, tension σADK_zd MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, bending σADK_b MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, torsion τADK_t MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Safety factors
Sym. Unit
Nominal static safety factor of all loads combined SSK_sta_tot -
Nominal cyclic safety factor of all loads combined SSK_cyc_tot -
Shaft safety (FKM)
Start Animation
FKM Guideline (2012) - Degree of utilizations
Sym. Unit
Nominal static degree of utilization of tension-compression force in the u-direction aSK_sta_zd -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the v-direction aSK_sta_s,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the w-direction aSK_sta_s,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the v-direction aSK_sta_b,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the w-direction aSK_sta_b,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of torsional moment in the u-direction aSK_sta_t,u -
Nominal static degree of utilization of all loads combined aSK_sta_tot -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress concentration factors
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to tension-compression force in u-direction Kt_zd,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in v-direction Kt_s,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in w-direction Kt_s,w -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to torsional moment in u-direction Kt_t,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kt_b,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kt_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors of probes
Sym. Unit
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w(d_p) -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress gradients
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic global normal stress gradient Gσ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic global shear stress gradient Gτ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local normal stress gradient Gσ(r) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local shear stress gradient Gτ(r) 1/mm
FKM Guideline (2012) - Cyclic stress ratios
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to tension-compression forces in the u-direction Rσ_N_cyc_zd,u -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the v-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,v -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the w-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,w -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to torsional moment about the u-direction Rτ_N_cyc_t,u -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the v-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,v -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the w-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Yield strengths
Sym. Unit
Yield strength of component Rp MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Tensile strengths
Sym. Unit
Tensile strength of component Rm MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - User defined parameters
Sym. Unit
Additional safety factor for castings -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Consider influence of anisotropy -
Is polished component -
Load safety factor -
Maximum static bending stress on tension side -
Miner variant under cyclic load -
Overloading type under cyclic load -
Probability of the occurrence of all maxima at the same time -
Regular inspections under cyclic load -
Surface treatment factor KV -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Temperature under static load °C
Time of operation at temperature under static load h
Use equivalent mean stress under cyclic load -
Shaft [42]
Shaft schematic
Start Animation
Figure 158
General Shaft Data
Sym. Shaft [42] Unit
Material 42CrMo4 [1143] -
Length 793.000 mm
Rotational speed n 113.68 1/min
Sense of rotation Clockwise -
Axial coordinate of beginning of shaft 736.000 mm
Material -
Heat treatment Hardened and tempered -
Modulus of elasticity E 210000 N/mm²
Shear modulus 80769.23 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio ν 0.30 -
Density ρ 7.85 kg/dm³
Yield strength or offset yield point 900.00 N/mm²
Tensile strength σB 1100.00 N/mm²
Table 79
Bearing Forces and Moments (Inner Ring)
Sym. Shaft [42] Unit
Rolling bearing [55] Rolling bearing [56]
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu 15357.4 23825.7 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv -80801.3 -127769.2 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw -74869.2 -15167.4 N
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around v-axis Mv 114.2 -1560.2 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around w-axis Mw -3193.1 -4124.1 Nm
Table 80
Deviations and Tilting (Inner Ring)
Sym. Shaft [42] Unit
Rolling bearing [55] Rolling bearing [56]
Displacement of the inner ring in u-direction -4.4 -4.5 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in v-direction 21.4 32.6 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in w-direction 20.8 4.6 µm
Tilting of the inner ring around w-axis ww 0.00105 0.000670 °
Tilting of the inner ring around v-axis wv 0.00133 0.00151 °
Table 81
Bearing Forces and Moments (Outer Ring)
Sym. Shaft [42] Unit
Rolling bearing [55] Rolling bearing [56]
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in u-direction Fu -15357.4 -23825.7 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in v-direction Fv 80801.3 127769.2 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in w-direction Fw 74869.2 15167.4 N
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around v-axis Mv -114.2 1560.2 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around w-axis Mw 3193.1 4124.1 Nm
Table 82
Deviations and Tilting (Outer Ring)
Sym. Shaft [42] Unit
Rolling bearing [55] Rolling bearing [56]
Displacement of the outer ring in u-direction 0.0 0.0 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in v-direction 0.0 0.0 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in w-direction 0.0 0.0 µm
Tilting of the outer ring around w-axis ww 0.00 0.00 °
Tilting of the outer ring around v-axis wv 0.00 0.00 °
Table 83
Coupling forces and torques
Sym. Shaft [42] Unit
Coupling [44]
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in u-direction 94177.3 N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in v-direction 2.7 N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in w-direction 1.6 N
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around u-axis -124627.6 Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around v-axis 0.0 Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around w-axis 0.0 Nm
Table 84
Coupling displacements and torsions
Sym. Shaft [42] Unit
Coupling [44]
Displacement of side 1 in u-direction -4.6 µm
Displacement of side 1 in v-direction 5.6 µm
Displacement of side 1 in w-direction -8.0 µm
Tilting of side 1 around u-axis 0.0 °
Tilting of side 1 around v-axis -0.000296 °
Tilting of side 1 around w-axis 0.000419 °
Table 85
3D bending curve
Start Animation
Figure 159
Bending line
Start Animation
Figure 160
Shear force distribution
Start Animation
Figure 161
Bending moment curve
Start Animation
Figure 162
Torque and torsion curve
Start Animation
Figure 163
Axial force / displacement
Start Animation
Figure 164
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743 (2012)
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture Shaft safety against plastic deformation Safety against cracking, shaft
Sym. SD SF SA
Unit - - -
Shaft safety (DIN743)
Start Animation
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743
Sym. Unit
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture SD -
Shaft safety against plastic deformation SF -
Safety against cracking, shaft SA -
Notch - General Data
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Type of loading -
Shaft diameter at notch root d mm
Nominal diameter of shaft da mm
Inner diameter of shaft di mm
Notch depth t mm
Width m mm
Notch radius r mm
Bore radius (cross-bore) rL mm
Surface roughness R_z Rz µm
Notch reference diameter dBK mm
Notch reference roughness height RzB µm
Notch material -
Nominal diameter for heat treatment deff mm
DIN 743 Influence Factors
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Technological size factor K1 -
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Technological size factor K1 tensile strength K1(deff) -
Geometric size factor K2, bending K2_(d)b -
Geometric size factor K2, tension K2_(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K2, torsion K2_(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, component, bending K3(d)b -
Geometric size factor K3, component, tension K3(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, component, torsion K3(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, bending K3(d_BK)b -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, tension K3(d_BK)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, torsion K3(d_BK)t -
Surface hardening factor KV, bending/torsion KVbt -
Surface hardening factor KV, tension KVzd -
Surface roughness factor KF, bending KFσ -
Surface roughness factor KF, torsion KFτ -
DIN 743 - Loads
Sym. Unit
Alternating load axial force, upper value FzdO N
Alternating load bending moment, upper value MbO Nm
Alternation load torsional moment, upper value MtO Nm
Stress Ratios -
Service factor cB -
Stress curve axial force -
Amplitude stress curve axial force %
Stress ratio R of the axial force RFzd -
Stress curve bending moment -
Amplitude stress curve bending moment %
Stress ratio R of the bending moment RMb -
Stress curve torque -
Amplitude stress curve torque %
Stress ratio R of the torsional moment RMt -
Maximum Load -
Impact factor for maximum load KS -
Maximum force (alternative to impact coefficient) Fzdmax N
Maximum bending moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mbmax Nm
Maximum torsional moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mtmax Nm
Loads - Tension -
Maximum stress, tension σzdmax MPa
Mean stress, tension σzdm MPa
Stress amplitude, tension σzda MPa
Loads - bending -
Maximum stress, bending σbmax MPa
Mean stress, bending σbm MPa
Stress amplitude, bending σba MPa
Loads - Torsion -
Maximum stress, torsion τtmax MPa
Mean stress, torsion τtm MPa
Stress amplitude, torsional τta MPa
DIN 743 - Stress concentration factor
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor, bending ασ -
Stress concentration factor, tension ασ -
Stress concentration factor, torsion ατ -
DIN 743 - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Calculated notch factor, bending ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, tension ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, torsion ßτ -
Experimental notch factor, bending ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, tension ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, torsion ßτ -
DIN 743 - Supporting factors
Sym. Unit
Supporting factor, bending nb -
Supporting factor, tension nzd -
Supporting factor, torsion nt -
Static supporting effect K2F, tension K2Fzd -
Static supporting effect K2F, bending K2Fb -
Static supporting effect K2F, torsion K2Ft -
DIN 743 - Yield strength
Sym. Unit
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Component yield strength, tension σFK_z MPa
Component yield strength, bending σFK_b MPa
Component yield strength, torsion σFK_t MPa
Increase factor for yield strength, tension ΥFzd -
Increase factor for yield strength, bending ΥFb -
Increase factor for yield strength, torsion ΥFt -
DIN 743 - Fatigue strength
Sym. Unit
Component reversed fatigue strength, tension σWK_zd MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, bending σWK_b MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, torsion τWK_t MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, tension σADK_zd MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, bending σADK_b MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, torsion τADK_t MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Safety factors
Sym. Unit
Nominal static safety factor of all loads combined SSK_sta_tot -
Nominal cyclic safety factor of all loads combined SSK_cyc_tot -
Shaft safety (FKM)
Start Animation
FKM Guideline (2012) - Degree of utilizations
Sym. Unit
Nominal static degree of utilization of tension-compression force in the u-direction aSK_sta_zd -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the v-direction aSK_sta_s,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the w-direction aSK_sta_s,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the v-direction aSK_sta_b,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the w-direction aSK_sta_b,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of torsional moment in the u-direction aSK_sta_t,u -
Nominal static degree of utilization of all loads combined aSK_sta_tot -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress concentration factors
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to tension-compression force in u-direction Kt_zd,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in v-direction Kt_s,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in w-direction Kt_s,w -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to torsional moment in u-direction Kt_t,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kt_b,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kt_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors of probes
Sym. Unit
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w(d_p) -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress gradients
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic global normal stress gradient Gσ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic global shear stress gradient Gτ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local normal stress gradient Gσ(r) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local shear stress gradient Gτ(r) 1/mm
FKM Guideline (2012) - Cyclic stress ratios
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to tension-compression forces in the u-direction Rσ_N_cyc_zd,u -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the v-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,v -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the w-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,w -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to torsional moment about the u-direction Rτ_N_cyc_t,u -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the v-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,v -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the w-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Yield strengths
Sym. Unit
Yield strength of component Rp MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Tensile strengths
Sym. Unit
Tensile strength of component Rm MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - User defined parameters
Sym. Unit
Additional safety factor for castings -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Consider influence of anisotropy -
Is polished component -
Load safety factor -
Maximum static bending stress on tension side -
Miner variant under cyclic load -
Overloading type under cyclic load -
Probability of the occurrence of all maxima at the same time -
Regular inspections under cyclic load -
Surface treatment factor KV -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Temperature under static load °C
Time of operation at temperature under static load h
Use equivalent mean stress under cyclic load -
Shaft [58]
Shaft schematic
Start Animation
Figure 165
General Shaft Data
Sym. Shaft [58] Unit
Material 42CrMo4 [1143] -
Length 1041.000 mm
Rotational speed n 418.56 1/min
Sense of rotation Anticlockwise -
Axial coordinate of beginning of shaft 631.000 mm
Material -
Heat treatment Hardened and tempered -
Modulus of elasticity E 210000 N/mm²
Shear modulus 80769.23 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio ν 0.30 -
Density ρ 7.85 kg/dm³
Yield strength or offset yield point 900.00 N/mm²
Tensile strength σB 1100.00 N/mm²
Table 86
Bearing Forces and Moments (Inner Ring)
Sym. Shaft [58] Unit
Rolling bearing [77] Rolling bearing [78]
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu 120040.1 -37474.9 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv 186395.0 116220.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw 22497.9 45934.7 N
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around v-axis Mv -955.9 1888.2 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around w-axis Mw 6963.4 -4797.3 Nm
Table 87
Deviations and Tilting (Inner Ring)
Sym. Shaft [58] Unit
Rolling bearing [77] Rolling bearing [78]
Displacement of the inner ring in u-direction -154.9 -157.9 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in v-direction -17.7 -89.3 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in w-direction -0.8 -36.0 µm
Tilting of the inner ring around w-axis ww -0.00743 -0.00308 °
Tilting of the inner ring around v-axis wv 0.00308 0.00232 °
Table 88
Bearing Forces and Moments (Outer Ring)
Sym. Shaft [58] Unit
Rolling bearing [77] Rolling bearing [78]
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in u-direction Fu -120040.1 37474.9 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in v-direction Fv -186395.0 -116220.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in w-direction Fw -22497.9 -45934.7 N
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around v-axis Mv 955.9 -1888.2 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around w-axis Mw -6963.4 4797.3 Nm
Table 89
Deviations and Tilting (Outer Ring)
Sym. Shaft [58] Unit
Rolling bearing [77] Rolling bearing [78]
Displacement of the outer ring in u-direction 0.0 0.0 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in v-direction 0.0 0.0 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in w-direction 0.0 0.0 µm
Tilting of the outer ring around w-axis ww 0.00 0.00 °
Tilting of the outer ring around v-axis wv 0.00 0.00 °
Table 90
Coupling forces and torques
Sym. Unit
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in u-direction N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in v-direction N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in w-direction N
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around u-axis Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around v-axis Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around w-axis Nm
Coupling displacements and torsions
Sym. Unit
Displacement of side 1 in u-direction µm
Displacement of side 1 in v-direction µm
Displacement of side 1 in w-direction µm
Tilting of side 1 around u-axis °
Tilting of side 1 around v-axis °
Tilting of side 1 around w-axis °
3D bending curve
Start Animation
Figure 166
Bending line
Start Animation
Figure 167
Shear force distribution
Start Animation
Figure 168
Bending moment curve
Start Animation
Figure 169
Torque and torsion curve
Start Animation
Figure 170
Axial force / displacement
Start Animation
Figure 171
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743 (2012)
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture Shaft safety against plastic deformation Safety against cracking, shaft
Sym. SD SF SA
Unit - - -
Shaft safety (DIN743)
Start Animation
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743
Sym. Unit
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture SD -
Shaft safety against plastic deformation SF -
Safety against cracking, shaft SA -
Notch - General Data
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Type of loading -
Shaft diameter at notch root d mm
Nominal diameter of shaft da mm
Inner diameter of shaft di mm
Notch depth t mm
Width m mm
Notch radius r mm
Bore radius (cross-bore) rL mm
Surface roughness R_z Rz µm
Notch reference diameter dBK mm
Notch reference roughness height RzB µm
Notch material -
Nominal diameter for heat treatment deff mm
DIN 743 Influence Factors
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Technological size factor K1 -
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Technological size factor K1 tensile strength K1(deff) -
Geometric size factor K2, bending K2_(d)b -
Geometric size factor K2, tension K2_(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K2, torsion K2_(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, component, bending K3(d)b -
Geometric size factor K3, component, tension K3(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, component, torsion K3(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, bending K3(d_BK)b -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, tension K3(d_BK)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, torsion K3(d_BK)t -
Surface hardening factor KV, bending/torsion KVbt -
Surface hardening factor KV, tension KVzd -
Surface roughness factor KF, bending KFσ -
Surface roughness factor KF, torsion KFτ -
DIN 743 - Loads
Sym. Unit
Alternating load axial force, upper value FzdO N
Alternating load bending moment, upper value MbO Nm
Alternation load torsional moment, upper value MtO Nm
Stress Ratios -
Service factor cB -
Stress curve axial force -
Amplitude stress curve axial force %
Stress ratio R of the axial force RFzd -
Stress curve bending moment -
Amplitude stress curve bending moment %
Stress ratio R of the bending moment RMb -
Stress curve torque -
Amplitude stress curve torque %
Stress ratio R of the torsional moment RMt -
Maximum Load -
Impact factor for maximum load KS -
Maximum force (alternative to impact coefficient) Fzdmax N
Maximum bending moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mbmax Nm
Maximum torsional moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mtmax Nm
Loads - Tension -
Maximum stress, tension σzdmax MPa
Mean stress, tension σzdm MPa
Stress amplitude, tension σzda MPa
Loads - bending -
Maximum stress, bending σbmax MPa
Mean stress, bending σbm MPa
Stress amplitude, bending σba MPa
Loads - Torsion -
Maximum stress, torsion τtmax MPa
Mean stress, torsion τtm MPa
Stress amplitude, torsional τta MPa
DIN 743 - Stress concentration factor
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor, bending ασ -
Stress concentration factor, tension ασ -
Stress concentration factor, torsion ατ -
DIN 743 - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Calculated notch factor, bending ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, tension ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, torsion ßτ -
Experimental notch factor, bending ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, tension ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, torsion ßτ -
DIN 743 - Supporting factors
Sym. Unit
Supporting factor, bending nb -
Supporting factor, tension nzd -
Supporting factor, torsion nt -
Static supporting effect K2F, tension K2Fzd -
Static supporting effect K2F, bending K2Fb -
Static supporting effect K2F, torsion K2Ft -
DIN 743 - Yield strength
Sym. Unit
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Component yield strength, tension σFK_z MPa
Component yield strength, bending σFK_b MPa
Component yield strength, torsion σFK_t MPa
Increase factor for yield strength, tension ΥFzd -
Increase factor for yield strength, bending ΥFb -
Increase factor for yield strength, torsion ΥFt -
DIN 743 - Fatigue strength
Sym. Unit
Component reversed fatigue strength, tension σWK_zd MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, bending σWK_b MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, torsion τWK_t MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, tension σADK_zd MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, bending σADK_b MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, torsion τADK_t MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Safety factors
Sym. Unit
Nominal static safety factor of all loads combined SSK_sta_tot -
Nominal cyclic safety factor of all loads combined SSK_cyc_tot -
Shaft safety (FKM)
Start Animation
FKM Guideline (2012) - Degree of utilizations
Sym. Unit
Nominal static degree of utilization of tension-compression force in the u-direction aSK_sta_zd -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the v-direction aSK_sta_s,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the w-direction aSK_sta_s,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the v-direction aSK_sta_b,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the w-direction aSK_sta_b,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of torsional moment in the u-direction aSK_sta_t,u -
Nominal static degree of utilization of all loads combined aSK_sta_tot -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress concentration factors
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to tension-compression force in u-direction Kt_zd,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in v-direction Kt_s,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in w-direction Kt_s,w -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to torsional moment in u-direction Kt_t,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kt_b,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kt_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors of probes
Sym. Unit
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w(d_p) -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress gradients
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic global normal stress gradient Gσ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic global shear stress gradient Gτ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local normal stress gradient Gσ(r) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local shear stress gradient Gτ(r) 1/mm
FKM Guideline (2012) - Cyclic stress ratios
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to tension-compression forces in the u-direction Rσ_N_cyc_zd,u -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the v-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,v -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the w-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,w -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to torsional moment about the u-direction Rτ_N_cyc_t,u -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the v-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,v -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the w-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Yield strengths
Sym. Unit
Yield strength of component Rp MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Tensile strengths
Sym. Unit
Tensile strength of component Rm MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - User defined parameters
Sym. Unit
Additional safety factor for castings -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Consider influence of anisotropy -
Is polished component -
Load safety factor -
Maximum static bending stress on tension side -
Miner variant under cyclic load -
Overloading type under cyclic load -
Probability of the occurrence of all maxima at the same time -
Regular inspections under cyclic load -
Surface treatment factor KV -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Temperature under static load °C
Time of operation at temperature under static load h
Use equivalent mean stress under cyclic load -
Shaft [67]
Shaft schematic
Start Animation
Figure 172
General Shaft Data
Sym. Shaft [67] Unit
Material 42CrMo4 [1143] -
Length 1300.500 mm
Rotational speed n 1224.69 1/min
Sense of rotation Clockwise -
Axial coordinate of beginning of shaft 585.500 mm
Material -
Heat treatment Hardened and tempered -
Modulus of elasticity E 210000 N/mm²
Shear modulus 80769.23 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio ν 0.30 -
Density ρ 7.85 kg/dm³
Yield strength or offset yield point 900.00 N/mm²
Tensile strength σB 1100.00 N/mm²
Table 91
Bearing Forces and Moments (Inner Ring)
Sym. Shaft [67] Unit
Rolling bearing [79] Rolling bearing [80] Rolling bearing [81]
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu -0.0 1654.4 -29225.5 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv -67058.4 -1916.5 -25066.8 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw 20103.4 42.8 1459.4 N
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around v-axis Mv -148.8 -4.2 155.4 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around w-axis Mw -1034.2 -191.4 2635.1 Nm
Table 92
Deviations and Tilting (Inner Ring)
Sym. Shaft [67] Unit
Rolling bearing [79] Rolling bearing [80] Rolling bearing [81]
Displacement of the inner ring in u-direction 29.0 26.7 26.4 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in v-direction 16.7 44.1 40.5 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in w-direction -5.2 -2.1 -1.4 µm
Tilting of the inner ring around w-axis ww 0.00854 -0.00351 -0.00297 °
Tilting of the inner ring around v-axis wv 0.000499 -0.000722 -0.000690 °
Table 93
Bearing Forces and Moments (Outer Ring)
Sym. Shaft [67] Unit
Rolling bearing [79] Rolling bearing [80] Rolling bearing [81]
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in u-direction Fu -0.0 -1654.4 29225.5 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in v-direction Fv 67058.4 1916.5 25066.8 N
Bearing reaction force on the outer ring in w-direction Fw -20103.4 -42.8 -1459.4 N
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around v-axis Mv 148.8 4.2 -155.4 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the outer ring around w-axis Mw 1034.2 191.4 -2635.1 Nm
Table 94
Deviations and Tilting (Outer Ring)
Sym. Shaft [67] Unit
Rolling bearing [79] Rolling bearing [80] Rolling bearing [81]
Displacement of the outer ring in u-direction 29.0 0.0 0.0 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in v-direction 0.0 0.0 0.0 µm
Displacement of the outer ring in w-direction 0.0 0.0 0.0 µm
Tilting of the outer ring around w-axis ww 0.00 0.00 0.00 °
Tilting of the outer ring around v-axis wv 0.00 0.00 0.00 °
Table 95
Coupling forces and torques
Sym. Unit
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in u-direction N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in v-direction N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in w-direction N
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around u-axis Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around v-axis Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around w-axis Nm
Coupling displacements and torsions
Sym. Unit
Displacement of side 1 in u-direction µm
Displacement of side 1 in v-direction µm
Displacement of side 1 in w-direction µm
Tilting of side 1 around u-axis °
Tilting of side 1 around v-axis °
Tilting of side 1 around w-axis °
3D bending curve
Start Animation
Figure 173
Bending line
Start Animation
Figure 174
Shear force distribution
Start Animation
Figure 175
Bending moment curve
Start Animation
Figure 176
Torque and torsion curve
Start Animation
Figure 177
Axial force / displacement
Start Animation
Figure 178
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743 (2012)
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture Shaft safety against plastic deformation Safety against cracking, shaft
Sym. SD SF SA
Unit - - -
Shaft safety (DIN743)
Start Animation
Shaft Safety Factors acc. to DIN 743
Sym. Unit
Shaft safety against fatigue fracture SD -
Shaft safety against plastic deformation SF -
Safety against cracking, shaft SA -
Notch - General Data
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Type of loading -
Shaft diameter at notch root d mm
Nominal diameter of shaft da mm
Inner diameter of shaft di mm
Notch depth t mm
Width m mm
Notch radius r mm
Bore radius (cross-bore) rL mm
Surface roughness R_z Rz µm
Notch reference diameter dBK mm
Notch reference roughness height RzB µm
Notch material -
Nominal diameter for heat treatment deff mm
DIN 743 Influence Factors
Sym. Unit
Notch form -
Technological size factor K1 -
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Technological size factor K1 tensile strength K1(deff) -
Geometric size factor K2, bending K2_(d)b -
Geometric size factor K2, tension K2_(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K2, torsion K2_(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, component, bending K3(d)b -
Geometric size factor K3, component, tension K3(d)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, component, torsion K3(d)t -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, bending K3(d_BK)b -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, tension K3(d_BK)zd -
Geometric size factor K3, experimental notch, torsion K3(d_BK)t -
Surface hardening factor KV, bending/torsion KVbt -
Surface hardening factor KV, tension KVzd -
Surface roughness factor KF, bending KFσ -
Surface roughness factor KF, torsion KFτ -
DIN 743 - Loads
Sym. Unit
Alternating load axial force, upper value FzdO N
Alternating load bending moment, upper value MbO Nm
Alternation load torsional moment, upper value MtO Nm
Stress Ratios -
Service factor cB -
Stress curve axial force -
Amplitude stress curve axial force %
Stress ratio R of the axial force RFzd -
Stress curve bending moment -
Amplitude stress curve bending moment %
Stress ratio R of the bending moment RMb -
Stress curve torque -
Amplitude stress curve torque %
Stress ratio R of the torsional moment RMt -
Maximum Load -
Impact factor for maximum load KS -
Maximum force (alternative to impact coefficient) Fzdmax N
Maximum bending moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mbmax Nm
Maximum torsional moment (alternative to impact coefficient) Mtmax Nm
Loads - Tension -
Maximum stress, tension σzdmax MPa
Mean stress, tension σzdm MPa
Stress amplitude, tension σzda MPa
Loads - bending -
Maximum stress, bending σbmax MPa
Mean stress, bending σbm MPa
Stress amplitude, bending σba MPa
Loads - Torsion -
Maximum stress, torsion τtmax MPa
Mean stress, torsion τtm MPa
Stress amplitude, torsional τta MPa
DIN 743 - Stress concentration factor
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor, bending ασ -
Stress concentration factor, tension ασ -
Stress concentration factor, torsion ατ -
DIN 743 - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Calculated notch factor, bending ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, tension ßσ -
Calculated notch factor, torsion ßτ -
Experimental notch factor, bending ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, tension ßσ -
Experimental notch factor, torsion ßτ -
DIN 743 - Supporting factors
Sym. Unit
Supporting factor, bending nb -
Supporting factor, tension nzd -
Supporting factor, torsion nt -
Static supporting effect K2F, tension K2Fzd -
Static supporting effect K2F, bending K2Fb -
Static supporting effect K2F, torsion K2Ft -
DIN 743 - Yield strength
Sym. Unit
Technological size factor K1 yield strength K1(deff) -
Component yield strength, tension σFK_z MPa
Component yield strength, bending σFK_b MPa
Component yield strength, torsion σFK_t MPa
Increase factor for yield strength, tension ΥFzd -
Increase factor for yield strength, bending ΥFb -
Increase factor for yield strength, torsion ΥFt -
DIN 743 - Fatigue strength
Sym. Unit
Component reversed fatigue strength, tension σWK_zd MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, bending σWK_b MPa
Component reversed fatigue strength, torsion τWK_t MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, tension σADK_zd MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, bending σADK_b MPa
Stress amplitude of the component fatigue strength for a specific mean stress, torsion τADK_t MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Safety factors
Sym. Unit
Nominal static safety factor of all loads combined SSK_sta_tot -
Nominal cyclic safety factor of all loads combined SSK_cyc_tot -
Shaft safety (FKM)
Start Animation
FKM Guideline (2012) - Degree of utilizations
Sym. Unit
Nominal static degree of utilization of tension-compression force in the u-direction aSK_sta_zd -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the v-direction aSK_sta_s,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of shear force in the w-direction aSK_sta_s,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the v-direction aSK_sta_b,v -
Nominal static degree of utilization of bending moment about the w-direction aSK_sta_b,w -
Nominal static degree of utilization of torsional moment in the u-direction aSK_sta_t,u -
Nominal static degree of utilization of all loads combined aSK_sta_tot -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress concentration factors
Sym. Unit
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to tension-compression force in u-direction Kt_zd,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in v-direction Kt_s,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to shear force in w-direction Kt_s,w -
Stress concentration factor for nominal shear stress due to torsional moment in u-direction Kt_t,u -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kt_b,v -
Stress concentration factor for nominal normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kt_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors
Sym. Unit
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v -
Notch factor for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Notch factors of probes
Sym. Unit
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to tension-compression force in the u-direction Kf_zd,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the v-direction Kf_s,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to shear force in the w-direction Kf_s,w(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic shear stress due to torsional moment in the u-direction Kf_t,u(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the v-direction Kf_b,v(d_p) -
Notch factor of probe for nominal cyclic normal stress due to bending moment about the w-direction Kf_b,w(d_p) -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Stress gradients
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic global normal stress gradient Gσ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic global shear stress gradient Gτ(d) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local normal stress gradient Gσ(r) 1/mm
Nominal cyclic local shear stress gradient Gτ(r) 1/mm
FKM Guideline (2012) - Cyclic stress ratios
Sym. Unit
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to tension-compression forces in the u-direction Rσ_N_cyc_zd,u -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the v-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,v -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to shear force in the w-direction Rτ_N_cyc_s,w -
Nominal cyclic shear stress ratio due to torsional moment about the u-direction Rτ_N_cyc_t,u -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the v-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,v -
Nominal cyclic normal stress ratio due to bending moment about the w-direction Rσ_N_cyc_b,w -
FKM Guideline (2012) - Yield strengths
Sym. Unit
Yield strength of component Rp MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - Tensile strengths
Sym. Unit
Tensile strength of component Rm MPa
FKM Guideline (2012) - User defined parameters
Sym. Unit
Additional safety factor for castings -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Consider influence of anisotropy -
Is polished component -
Load safety factor -
Maximum static bending stress on tension side -
Miner variant under cyclic load -
Overloading type under cyclic load -
Probability of the occurrence of all maxima at the same time -
Regular inspections under cyclic load -
Surface treatment factor KV -
Consequences of damage in case of failure of the component -
Temperature under static load °C
Time of operation at temperature under static load h
Use equivalent mean stress under cyclic load -
Bolzen @ 0.0° [121]
Coupling forces and torques
Sym. Bolzen @ 0.0° [121] Unit
Koppelung @ 0.0° [130] Koppelung @ 0.0° [133]
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in u-direction 409.7 -353.7 N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in v-direction -336501.1 -140961.3 N
Reaction force of the coupling on side 1 in w-direction 42251.8 -42070.5 N
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around u-axis 8396.8 -8396.8 Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around v-axis 291.5 786.0 Nm
Reaction torque of the coupling on side 1 around w-axis -21573.3 -14271.9 Nm
Table 96
Coupling displacements and torsions
Sym. Bolzen @ 0.0° [121] Unit
Koppelung @ 0.0° [130] Koppelung @ 0.0° [133]
Displacement of side 1 in u-direction -7.5 -7.5 µm
Displacement of side 1 in v-direction -434.3 -329.5 µm
Displacement of side 1 in w-direction -13.5 2.7 µm
Tilting of side 1 around u-axis 0.0 0.0 °
Tilting of side 1 around v-axis -0.00160 -0.00149 °
Tilting of side 1 around w-axis 0.0145 0.00598 °
Table 97
Bearing Forces and Moments (Inner Ring)
Sym. Bolzen @ 0.0° [121] Unit
Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118]
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu -0.0 -0.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv 290218.0 187250.6 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw -95250.9 95250.9 N
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around v-axis Mv -379.4 -285.5 Nm
Bearing reaction torque on the inner ring around w-axis Mw -380.2 53.9 Nm
Table 98
Deviations and Tilting (Inner Ring)
Sym. Bolzen @ 0.0° [121] Unit
Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118]
Displacement of the inner ring in u-direction -5.5 -5.5 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in v-direction -392.4 -344.8 µm
Displacement of the inner ring in w-direction -10.7 0.2 µm
Tilting of the inner ring around w-axis ww 0.0144 0.00883 °
Tilting of the inner ring around v-axis wv -0.00198 -0.00192 °
Table 99
Bending line
Figure 179
Shear force distribution
Figure 180
Axial force / displacement
Figure 181
Bending moment curve
Figure 182
Torque and torsion curve
Figure 183
Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115]
Rolling bearing 3D image
Figure 184
Forces on rolling elements
Figure 185
Bearing data
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Individuelle Lagerreihe [1928]
Catalogue name NCF 3056 CV -
Manufacturer SKF -
Bearing type Cylindrical roller bearing -
Weight 50.00 kg
Geometry -
Bearing inner diameter d 280.000 mm
Bearing outside diameter D 420.000 mm
Bearing width B 106.000 mm
Pressure angle α 0.00 °
Load factors -
Dynamic radial load rating CR 1570000 N
Static radial load rating C0R 2650000 N
Dynamic axial load rating CA - N
Static axial load rating C0A - N
SKF Explorer ✖ -
X-life ✖ -
Catalog factors -
Boundary value e (manufacturer catalogue) e 0.30 -
Radial load factor X1 (manufacturer catalogue) X1 1.00 -
Radial load factor X2 (manufacturer catalogue) X2 0.92 -
Axial load factor Y1 (manufacturer catalog) Y1 0.00 -
Axial load factor Y2 (manufacturer catalog) Y2 0.40 -
Axial factor Y0 0.00 -
Rotational speeds -
Speed limit nlimit 850.0 1/min
Reference speed nref 670.0 1/min
Bearing loads -
Rotational speed n - U/min
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu -0.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv 290218.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw -95250.9 N
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007) Peq - N
Lubrication conditions -
Operating temperature T - °C
Life adjustment factor for operating conditions (ISO 281 2007) aISO - -
Contamination coefficient ec ec 0.50 -
Viscosity ratio κ - -
Life time factors -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Life adjustment factor (SKF catalog 2018) askf - -
Factor for operating conditions (DEA) aDEA - -
Table 100
Inner geometry
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Individuelle Lagerreihe [1928]
Number of bearing rows i 1 -
Number of rolling elements z 20 -
Distance between the bearing rows dR - mm
Diameter of rolling element dw 44.067 mm
Effective length of rolling body Lwe 78.546 mm
Radius of raceway at inner ring Ri - mm
Radius of raceway at outer ring Ra - mm
Table 101
Operating clearance
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Individuelle Lagerreihe [1928]
Bearing operating clearance 0.000 mm
Determination of bearing operating clearance User input -
Bearing clearance -
Bearing clearance class User input -
Temperature difference between the inner and outer ring ΔTIR,OR - K
Bearing tolerance -
Bearing tolerance class - -
Minimum outer bearing diameter DB,min - mm
Maximum bearing outer diameter DB,max - mm
Minimum bearing inner diameter dB_min - mm
Maximum bearing inner diameter dB_max - mm
Shaft tolerance -
Shaft tolerance class -
Minimum shaft diameter dmin - mm
Maximum shaft diameter dmax - mm
Average roughness height of the shaft Rz - µm
Bore tolerance -
Tolerance class of bore -
Minimum casing bore diameter DH,min - mm
Maximum casing bore diameter DH,max - mm
Average roughness height of the bore Rz - µm
Table 102
Relative Forces and Deviations (Inner Ring to Outer Ring)
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Radial force in x-direction Frx -290393.61 N
Radial force in y-direction Fry 95183.04 N
Axial force in z-direction Fa 0.00 N
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in y-direction δy 21.4 µm
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in x-direction δx -65.7 µm
Rel. axial displacement inner ring in z-direction δz 20.0 µm
Tilting moment around x-axis Mx 378.95 Nm
Tilting moment around y-axis My 380.77 Nm
Rel. tilting inner ring around x-axis wγ 0.23 mrad
Rel. tilting inner ring around y-axis wβ 0.12 mrad
Table 103
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 1
Pressure curve per rolling element row 1
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 2
Pressure curve per rolling element row 2
Life time ISO 281
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time ISO 281 - load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time DIN 26281
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Life time DIN 26281 - load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Life time INA/FAG
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time INA/FAG - load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue - load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4)
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4) load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified lifetime with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time DEA
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
Life time DEA - load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
SKF calculation service - ISO/TS 16281
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [115] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Viscosity ratio (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) κ - -
Contamination coefficient (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) eC - -
Dynamic equivalent reference load (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Pref - N
Lubricant with proven EP-Additives ✖ -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Radial bearing operating clearance srad 0.0 µm
Axial bearing operating clearance sax 0.0 µm
Table 104
Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118]
Rolling bearing 3D image
Figure 186
Forces on rolling elements
Figure 187
Bearing data
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Individuelle Lagerreihe [1932]
Catalogue name NCF 3056 CV -
Manufacturer SKF -
Bearing type Cylindrical roller bearing -
Weight 50.00 kg
Geometry -
Bearing inner diameter d 280.000 mm
Bearing outside diameter D 420.000 mm
Bearing width B 106.000 mm
Pressure angle α 0.00 °
Load factors -
Dynamic radial load rating CR 1570000 N
Static radial load rating C0R 2650000 N
Dynamic axial load rating CA - N
Static axial load rating C0A - N
SKF Explorer ✖ -
X-life ✖ -
Catalog factors -
Boundary value e (manufacturer catalogue) e 0.30 -
Radial load factor X1 (manufacturer catalogue) X1 1.00 -
Radial load factor X2 (manufacturer catalogue) X2 0.92 -
Axial load factor Y1 (manufacturer catalog) Y1 0.00 -
Axial load factor Y2 (manufacturer catalog) Y2 0.40 -
Axial factor Y0 0.00 -
Rotational speeds -
Speed limit nlimit 850.0 1/min
Reference speed nref 670.0 1/min
Bearing loads -
Rotational speed n - U/min
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu -0.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv 187250.6 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw 95250.9 N
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007) Peq - N
Lubrication conditions -
Operating temperature T - °C
Life adjustment factor for operating conditions (ISO 281 2007) aISO - -
Contamination coefficient ec ec 0.50 -
Viscosity ratio κ - -
Life time factors -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Life adjustment factor (SKF catalog 2018) askf - -
Factor for operating conditions (DEA) aDEA - -
Table 105
Inner geometry
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Individuelle Lagerreihe [1932]
Number of bearing rows i 1 -
Number of rolling elements z 20 -
Distance between the bearing rows dR - mm
Diameter of rolling element dw 44.067 mm
Effective length of rolling body Lwe 78.546 mm
Radius of raceway at inner ring Ri - mm
Radius of raceway at outer ring Ra - mm
Table 106
Operating clearance
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Individuelle Lagerreihe [1932]
Bearing operating clearance 0.000 mm
Determination of bearing operating clearance User input -
Bearing clearance -
Bearing clearance class User input -
Temperature difference between the inner and outer ring ΔTIR,OR - K
Bearing tolerance -
Bearing tolerance class - -
Minimum outer bearing diameter DB,min - mm
Maximum bearing outer diameter DB,max - mm
Minimum bearing inner diameter dB_min - mm
Maximum bearing inner diameter dB_max - mm
Shaft tolerance -
Shaft tolerance class -
Minimum shaft diameter dmin - mm
Maximum shaft diameter dmax - mm
Average roughness height of the shaft Rz - µm
Bore tolerance -
Tolerance class of bore -
Minimum casing bore diameter DH,min - mm
Maximum casing bore diameter DH,max - mm
Average roughness height of the bore Rz - µm
Table 107
Relative Forces and Deviations (Inner Ring to Outer Ring)
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Radial force in x-direction Frx -187068.83 N
Radial force in y-direction Fry -95001.75 N
Axial force in z-direction Fa 56.03 N
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in y-direction δy -23.9 µm
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in x-direction δx -47.3 µm
Rel. axial displacement inner ring in z-direction δz 0.0 µm
Tilting moment around x-axis Mx 281.17 Nm
Tilting moment around y-axis My -46.17 Nm
Rel. tilting inner ring around x-axis wγ 0.23 mrad
Rel. tilting inner ring around y-axis wβ 0.02 mrad
Table 108
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 1
Pressure curve per rolling element row 1
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 2
Pressure curve per rolling element row 2
Life time ISO 281
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time ISO 281 - load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time DIN 26281
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Life time DIN 26281 - load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Life time INA/FAG
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time INA/FAG - load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue - load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4)
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4) load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified lifetime with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time DEA
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
Life time DEA - load spectrum
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
SKF calculation service - ISO/TS 16281
Sym. Planetenlager @ 0.0° [118] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Viscosity ratio (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) κ - -
Contamination coefficient (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) eC - -
Dynamic equivalent reference load (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Pref - N
Lubricant with proven EP-Additives ✖ -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Radial bearing operating clearance srad 0.0 µm
Axial bearing operating clearance sax 0.0 µm
Table 109
Rolling bearing [25]
Rolling bearing 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 188
Forces on rolling elements
Start Animation
Figure 189
Bearing data
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Bearing row [1935]
Catalogue name SL1818/500-E -
Manufacturer INA -
Bearing type Cylindrical roller bearing -
Weight - kg
Geometry -
Bearing inner diameter d 500.000 mm
Bearing outside diameter D 620.000 mm
Bearing width B 56.000 mm
Pressure angle α 0.00 °
Load factors -
Dynamic radial load rating CR 980000 N
Static radial load rating C0R 2050000 N
Dynamic axial load rating CA - N
Static axial load rating C0A - N
SKF Explorer ✖ -
X-life ✖ -
Catalog factors -
Boundary value e (manufacturer catalogue) e 0.00 -
Radial load factor X1 (manufacturer catalogue) X1 1.00 -
Radial load factor X2 (manufacturer catalogue) X2 0.00 -
Axial load factor Y1 (manufacturer catalog) Y1 0.00 -
Axial load factor Y2 (manufacturer catalog) Y2 0.00 -
Axial factor Y0 0.00 -
Rotational speeds -
Speed limit nlimit - 1/min
Reference speed nref - 1/min
Bearing loads -
Rotational speed n - U/min
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu 168.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv -1005.6 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw -1169.0 N
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007) Peq - N
Lubrication conditions -
Operating temperature T - °C
Life adjustment factor for operating conditions (ISO 281 2007) aISO - -
Contamination coefficient ec ec 0.50 -
Viscosity ratio κ - -
Life time factors -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Life adjustment factor (SKF catalog 2018) askf - -
Factor for operating conditions (DEA) aDEA - -
Table 110
Inner geometry
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Bearing row [1935]
Number of bearing rows i 1 -
Number of rolling elements z 35 -
Distance between the bearing rows dR - mm
Diameter of rolling element dw 34.228 mm
Effective length of rolling body Lwe 41.439 mm
Radius of raceway at inner ring Ri - mm
Radius of raceway at outer ring Ra - mm
Table 111
Operating clearance
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Bearing row [1935]
Bearing operating clearance 0.000 mm
Determination of bearing operating clearance User input -
Bearing clearance -
Bearing clearance class User input -
Temperature difference between the inner and outer ring ΔTIR,OR - K
Bearing tolerance -
Bearing tolerance class - -
Minimum outer bearing diameter DB,min - mm
Maximum bearing outer diameter DB,max - mm
Minimum bearing inner diameter dB_min - mm
Maximum bearing inner diameter dB_max - mm
Shaft tolerance -
Shaft tolerance class -
Minimum shaft diameter dmin - mm
Maximum shaft diameter dmax - mm
Average roughness height of the shaft Rz - µm
Bore tolerance -
Tolerance class of bore -
Minimum casing bore diameter DH,min - mm
Maximum casing bore diameter DH,max - mm
Average roughness height of the bore Rz - µm
Table 112
Relative Forces and Deviations (Inner Ring to Outer Ring)
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Radial force in x-direction Frx 1005.58 N
Radial force in y-direction Fry 1169.03 N
Axial force in z-direction Fa -168.02 N
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in y-direction δy 1.5 µm
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in x-direction δx 1.3 µm
Rel. axial displacement inner ring in z-direction δz -2.0 µm
Tilting moment around x-axis Mx -29.30 Nm
Tilting moment around y-axis My 25.15 Nm
Rel. tilting inner ring around x-axis wγ -0.01 mrad
Rel. tilting inner ring around y-axis wβ 0.01 mrad
Table 113
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 1
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 1
Start Animation
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 2
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 2
Start Animation
Life time ISO 281
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time ISO 281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time DIN 26281
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Life time DIN 26281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Life time INA/FAG
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time INA/FAG - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4)
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4) load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified lifetime with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time DEA
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
Life time DEA - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
SKF calculation service - ISO/TS 16281
Sym. Rolling bearing [25] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Viscosity ratio (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) κ - -
Contamination coefficient (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) eC - -
Dynamic equivalent reference load (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Pref - N
Lubricant with proven EP-Additives ✖ -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Radial bearing operating clearance srad 0.0 µm
Axial bearing operating clearance sax 0.0 µm
Table 114
Rolling bearing [41]
Rolling bearing 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 190
Forces on rolling elements
Start Animation
Figure 191
Bearing data
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Bearing row [1936]
Catalogue name 315837 -
Manufacturer SKF -
Bearing type Cylindrical roller bearing -
Weight 56.00 kg
Geometry -
Bearing inner diameter d 640.000 mm
Bearing outside diameter D 790.000 mm
Bearing width B 56.000 mm
Pressure angle α 0.00 °
Load factors -
Dynamic radial load rating CR 605000 N
Static radial load rating C0R 1290000 N
Dynamic axial load rating CA - N
Static axial load rating C0A - N
SKF Explorer ✖ -
X-life ✖ -
Catalog factors -
Boundary value e (manufacturer catalogue) e 0.20 -
Radial load factor X1 (manufacturer catalogue) X1 1.00 -
Radial load factor X2 (manufacturer catalogue) X2 1.00 -
Axial load factor Y1 (manufacturer catalog) Y1 0.00 -
Axial load factor Y2 (manufacturer catalog) Y2 0.00 -
Axial factor Y0 0.00 -
Rotational speeds -
Speed limit nlimit 2200.0 1/min
Reference speed nref 1700.0 1/min
Bearing loads -
Rotational speed n - U/min
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu -0.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv 999.1 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw 1167.5 N
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007) Peq - N
Lubrication conditions -
Operating temperature T - °C
Life adjustment factor for operating conditions (ISO 281 2007) aISO - -
Contamination coefficient ec ec 0.50 -
Viscosity ratio κ - -
Life time factors -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Life adjustment factor (SKF catalog 2018) askf - -
Factor for operating conditions (DEA) aDEA - -
Table 115
Inner geometry
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Bearing row [1936]
Number of bearing rows i 1 -
Number of rolling elements z 25 -
Distance between the bearing rows dR - mm
Diameter of rolling element dw 29.840 mm
Effective length of rolling body Lwe 41.038 mm
Radius of raceway at inner ring Ri - mm
Radius of raceway at outer ring Ra - mm
Table 116
Operating clearance
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Bearing row [1936]
Bearing operating clearance 0.000 mm
Determination of bearing operating clearance User input -
Bearing clearance -
Bearing clearance class User input -
Temperature difference between the inner and outer ring ΔTIR,OR - K
Bearing tolerance -
Bearing tolerance class - -
Minimum outer bearing diameter DB,min - mm
Maximum bearing outer diameter DB,max - mm
Minimum bearing inner diameter dB_min - mm
Maximum bearing inner diameter dB_max - mm
Shaft tolerance -
Shaft tolerance class -
Minimum shaft diameter dmin - mm
Maximum shaft diameter dmax - mm
Average roughness height of the shaft Rz - µm
Bore tolerance -
Tolerance class of bore -
Minimum casing bore diameter DH,min - mm
Maximum casing bore diameter DH,max - mm
Average roughness height of the bore Rz - µm
Table 117
Relative Forces and Deviations (Inner Ring to Outer Ring)
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Radial force in x-direction Frx -999.12 N
Radial force in y-direction Fry -1167.51 N
Axial force in z-direction Fa 0.00 N
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in y-direction δy -1.9 µm
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in x-direction δx -1.6 µm
Rel. axial displacement inner ring in z-direction δz 0.0 µm
Tilting moment around x-axis Mx -0.12 Nm
Tilting moment around y-axis My 0.10 Nm
Rel. tilting inner ring around x-axis wγ -0.01 mrad
Rel. tilting inner ring around y-axis wβ 0.01 mrad
Table 118
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 1
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 1
Start Animation
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 2
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 2
Start Animation
Life time ISO 281
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time ISO 281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time DIN 26281
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Life time DIN 26281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Life time INA/FAG
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time INA/FAG - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4)
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4) load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified lifetime with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time DEA
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
Life time DEA - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
SKF calculation service - ISO/TS 16281
Sym. Rolling bearing [41] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Viscosity ratio (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) κ - -
Contamination coefficient (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) eC - -
Dynamic equivalent reference load (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Pref - N
Lubricant with proven EP-Additives ✖ -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Radial bearing operating clearance srad 0.0 µm
Axial bearing operating clearance sax 0.0 µm
Table 119
Rolling bearing [55]
Rolling bearing 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 192
Forces on rolling elements
Start Animation
Figure 193
Bearing data
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Bearing row [1937] Bearing row [1938]
Catalogue name BT2B 328876/HA1 -
Manufacturer FVA -
Bearing type Tapered roller bearing -
Weight - kg
Geometry -
Bearing inner diameter d 460.000 mm
Bearing outside diameter D 680.000 mm
Bearing width B 180.000 mm
Pressure angle α 33.00 33.00 °
Load factors -
Dynamic radial load rating CR 3140000 N
Static radial load rating C0R 6950000 N
Dynamic axial load rating CA - N
Static axial load rating C0A - N
SKF Explorer ✖ -
X-life ✖ -
Catalog factors -
Boundary value e (manufacturer catalogue) e 0.99 -
Radial load factor X1 (manufacturer catalogue) X1 1.00 -
Radial load factor X2 (manufacturer catalogue) X2 0.67 -
Axial load factor Y1 (manufacturer catalog) Y1 0.70 -
Axial load factor Y2 (manufacturer catalog) Y2 1.00 -
Axial factor Y0 - -
Rotational speeds -
Speed limit nlimit - 1/min
Reference speed nref - 1/min
Bearing loads -
Rotational speed n - U/min
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu 15357.4 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv -80801.3 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw -74869.2 N
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007) Peq - N
Lubrication conditions -
Operating temperature T - °C
Life adjustment factor for operating conditions (ISO 281 2007) aISO - -
Contamination coefficient ec ec 0.50 -
Viscosity ratio κ - -
Life time factors -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Life adjustment factor (SKF catalog 2018) askf - -
Factor for operating conditions (DEA) aDEA - -
Table 120
Inner geometry
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Bearing row [1937] Bearing row [1938]
Number of bearing rows i 2 -
Number of rolling elements z 32 32 -
Distance between the bearing rows dR 90.00 mm
Diameter of rolling element dw 57.000 57.000 mm
Effective length of rolling body Lwe 55.500 55.500 mm
Radius of raceway at inner ring Ri - - mm
Radius of raceway at outer ring Ra - - mm
Table 121
Operating clearance
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Bearing row [1937] Bearing row [1938]
Bearing operating clearance 0.000 0.000 mm
Determination of bearing operating clearance User input -
Bearing clearance -
Bearing clearance class User input -
Temperature difference between the inner and outer ring ΔTIR,OR - K
Bearing tolerance -
Bearing tolerance class - -
Minimum outer bearing diameter DB,min - mm
Maximum bearing outer diameter DB,max - mm
Minimum bearing inner diameter dB_min - mm
Maximum bearing inner diameter dB_max - mm
Shaft tolerance -
Shaft tolerance class -
Minimum shaft diameter dmin - mm
Maximum shaft diameter dmax - mm
Average roughness height of the shaft Rz - µm
Bore tolerance -
Tolerance class of bore -
Minimum casing bore diameter DH,min - mm
Maximum casing bore diameter DH,max - mm
Average roughness height of the bore Rz - µm
Table 122
Relative Forces and Deviations (Inner Ring to Outer Ring)
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Radial force in x-direction Frx 80801.32 N
Radial force in y-direction Fry 74869.21 N
Axial force in z-direction Fa -15357.35 N
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in y-direction δy 20.8 µm
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in x-direction δx 21.4 µm
Rel. axial displacement inner ring in z-direction δz -4.4 µm
Tilting moment around x-axis Mx -114.15 Nm
Tilting moment around y-axis My 3193.11 Nm
Rel. tilting inner ring around x-axis wγ 0.02 mrad
Rel. tilting inner ring around y-axis wβ 0.02 mrad
Table 123
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 1
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 1
Start Animation
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 2
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 2
Start Animation
Life time ISO 281
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time ISO 281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time DIN 26281
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Life time DIN 26281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Life time INA/FAG
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time INA/FAG - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4)
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4) load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified lifetime with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time DEA
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
Life time DEA - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
SKF calculation service - ISO/TS 16281
Sym. Rolling bearing [55] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Viscosity ratio (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) κ - -
Contamination coefficient (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) eC - -
Dynamic equivalent reference load (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Pref - N
Lubricant with proven EP-Additives ✖ -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Radial bearing operating clearance srad 0.0 µm
Axial bearing operating clearance sax 0.0 µm
Table 124
Rolling bearing [56]
Rolling bearing 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 194
Forces on rolling elements
Start Animation
Figure 195
Bearing data
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Bearing row [1939] Bearing row [1940]
Catalogue name BT2B 328876/HA1 -
Manufacturer FVA -
Bearing type Tapered roller bearing -
Weight - kg
Geometry -
Bearing inner diameter d 460.000 mm
Bearing outside diameter D 680.000 mm
Bearing width B 180.000 mm
Pressure angle α 33.00 33.00 °
Load factors -
Dynamic radial load rating CR 3140000 N
Static radial load rating C0R 6950000 N
Dynamic axial load rating CA - N
Static axial load rating C0A - N
SKF Explorer ✖ -
X-life ✖ -
Catalog factors -
Boundary value e (manufacturer catalogue) e 0.99 -
Radial load factor X1 (manufacturer catalogue) X1 1.00 -
Radial load factor X2 (manufacturer catalogue) X2 0.67 -
Axial load factor Y1 (manufacturer catalog) Y1 0.70 -
Axial load factor Y2 (manufacturer catalog) Y2 1.00 -
Axial factor Y0 - -
Rotational speeds -
Speed limit nlimit - 1/min
Reference speed nref - 1/min
Bearing loads -
Rotational speed n - U/min
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu 23825.7 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv -127769.2 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw -15167.4 N
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007) Peq - N
Lubrication conditions -
Operating temperature T - °C
Life adjustment factor for operating conditions (ISO 281 2007) aISO - -
Contamination coefficient ec ec 0.50 -
Viscosity ratio κ - -
Life time factors -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Life adjustment factor (SKF catalog 2018) askf - -
Factor for operating conditions (DEA) aDEA - -
Table 125
Inner geometry
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Bearing row [1939] Bearing row [1940]
Number of bearing rows i 2 -
Number of rolling elements z 32 32 -
Distance between the bearing rows dR 90.00 mm
Diameter of rolling element dw 57.000 57.000 mm
Effective length of rolling body Lwe 55.500 55.500 mm
Radius of raceway at inner ring Ri - - mm
Radius of raceway at outer ring Ra - - mm
Table 126
Operating clearance
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Bearing row [1939] Bearing row [1940]
Bearing operating clearance 0.000 0.000 mm
Determination of bearing operating clearance User input -
Bearing clearance -
Bearing clearance class User input -
Temperature difference between the inner and outer ring ΔTIR,OR - K
Bearing tolerance -
Bearing tolerance class - -
Minimum outer bearing diameter DB,min - mm
Maximum bearing outer diameter DB,max - mm
Minimum bearing inner diameter dB_min - mm
Maximum bearing inner diameter dB_max - mm
Shaft tolerance -
Shaft tolerance class -
Minimum shaft diameter dmin - mm
Maximum shaft diameter dmax - mm
Average roughness height of the shaft Rz - µm
Bore tolerance -
Tolerance class of bore -
Minimum casing bore diameter DH,min - mm
Maximum casing bore diameter DH,max - mm
Average roughness height of the bore Rz - µm
Table 127
Relative Forces and Deviations (Inner Ring to Outer Ring)
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Radial force in x-direction Frx 127769.21 N
Radial force in y-direction Fry 15167.41 N
Axial force in z-direction Fa -23825.69 N
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in y-direction δy 4.6 µm
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in x-direction δx 32.6 µm
Rel. axial displacement inner ring in z-direction δz -4.5 µm
Tilting moment around x-axis Mx 1560.25 Nm
Tilting moment around y-axis My 4124.07 Nm
Rel. tilting inner ring around x-axis wγ 0.03 mrad
Rel. tilting inner ring around y-axis wβ 0.01 mrad
Table 128
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 1
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 1
Start Animation
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 2
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 2
Start Animation
Life time ISO 281
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time ISO 281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time DIN 26281
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Life time DIN 26281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Life time INA/FAG
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time INA/FAG - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4)
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4) load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified lifetime with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time DEA
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
Life time DEA - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
SKF calculation service - ISO/TS 16281
Sym. Rolling bearing [56] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Viscosity ratio (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) κ - -
Contamination coefficient (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) eC - -
Dynamic equivalent reference load (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Pref - N
Lubricant with proven EP-Additives ✖ -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Radial bearing operating clearance srad 0.0 µm
Axial bearing operating clearance sax 0.0 µm
Table 129
Rolling bearing [77]
Rolling bearing 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 196
Forces on rolling elements
Start Animation
Figure 197
Bearing data
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Bearing row [1941]
Catalogue name 32240 J2 -
Manufacturer FVA -
Bearing type Tapered roller bearing -
Weight - kg
Geometry -
Bearing inner diameter d 200.000 mm
Bearing outside diameter D 360.000 mm
Bearing width B 104.000 mm
Pressure angle α 14.18 °
Load factors -
Dynamic radial load rating CR 1265000 N
Static radial load rating C0R 2035000 N
Dynamic axial load rating CA - N
Static axial load rating C0A - N
SKF Explorer ✖ -
X-life ✖ -
Catalog factors -
Boundary value e (manufacturer catalogue) e 0.41 -
Radial load factor X1 (manufacturer catalogue) X1 1.00 -
Radial load factor X2 (manufacturer catalogue) X2 0.40 -
Axial load factor Y1 (manufacturer catalog) Y1 0.00 -
Axial load factor Y2 (manufacturer catalog) Y2 1.49 -
Axial factor Y0 - -
Rotational speeds -
Speed limit nlimit - 1/min
Reference speed nref - 1/min
Bearing loads -
Rotational speed n - U/min
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu 120040.1 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv 186395.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw 22497.9 N
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007) Peq - N
Lubrication conditions -
Operating temperature T - °C
Life adjustment factor for operating conditions (ISO 281 2007) aISO - -
Contamination coefficient ec ec 0.50 -
Viscosity ratio κ - -
Life time factors -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Life adjustment factor (SKF catalog 2018) askf - -
Factor for operating conditions (DEA) aDEA - -
Table 130
Inner geometry
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Bearing row [1941]
Number of bearing rows i 1 -
Number of rolling elements z 17 -
Distance between the bearing rows dR - mm
Diameter of rolling element dw 40.000 mm
Effective length of rolling body Lwe 81.500 mm
Radius of raceway at inner ring Ri - mm
Radius of raceway at outer ring Ra - mm
Table 131
Operating clearance
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Bearing row [1941]
Bearing operating clearance 0.000 mm
Determination of bearing operating clearance - -
Bearing clearance -
Bearing clearance class User input -
Temperature difference between the inner and outer ring ΔTIR,OR - K
Bearing tolerance -
Bearing tolerance class - -
Minimum outer bearing diameter DB,min - mm
Maximum bearing outer diameter DB,max - mm
Minimum bearing inner diameter dB_min - mm
Maximum bearing inner diameter dB_max - mm
Shaft tolerance -
Shaft tolerance class -
Minimum shaft diameter dmin - mm
Maximum shaft diameter dmax - mm
Average roughness height of the shaft Rz - µm
Bore tolerance -
Tolerance class of bore -
Minimum casing bore diameter DH,min - mm
Maximum casing bore diameter DH,max - mm
Average roughness height of the bore Rz - µm
Table 132
Relative Forces and Deviations (Inner Ring to Outer Ring)
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Radial force in x-direction Frx -186395.01 N
Radial force in y-direction Fry -22497.95 N
Axial force in z-direction Fa -120040.12 N
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in y-direction δy -0.8 µm
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in x-direction δx -17.7 µm
Rel. axial displacement inner ring in z-direction δz -154.9 µm
Tilting moment around x-axis Mx 955.93 Nm
Tilting moment around y-axis My -6963.42 Nm
Rel. tilting inner ring around x-axis wγ 0.05 mrad
Rel. tilting inner ring around y-axis wβ -0.13 mrad
Table 133
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 1
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 1
Start Animation
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 2
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 2
Start Animation
Life time ISO 281
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time ISO 281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time DIN 26281
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Life time DIN 26281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Life time INA/FAG
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time INA/FAG - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4)
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4) load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified lifetime with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time DEA
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
Life time DEA - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
SKF calculation service - ISO/TS 16281
Sym. Rolling bearing [77] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Viscosity ratio (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) κ - -
Contamination coefficient (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) eC - -
Dynamic equivalent reference load (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Pref - N
Lubricant with proven EP-Additives ✖ -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Radial bearing operating clearance srad 0.0 µm
Axial bearing operating clearance sax 0.0 µm
Table 134
Rolling bearing [78]
Rolling bearing 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 198
Forces on rolling elements
Start Animation
Figure 199
Bearing data
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Bearing row [1942]
Catalogue name 32244 J2 -
Manufacturer FVA -
Bearing type Tapered roller bearing -
Weight - kg
Geometry -
Bearing inner diameter d 220.000 mm
Bearing outside diameter D 400.000 mm
Bearing width B 114.000 mm
Pressure angle α 15.19 °
Load factors -
Dynamic radial load rating CR 1575000 N
Static radial load rating C0R 2625000 N
Dynamic axial load rating CA - N
Static axial load rating C0A - N
SKF Explorer ✖ -
X-life ✖ -
Catalog factors -
Boundary value e (manufacturer catalogue) e 0.44 -
Radial load factor X1 (manufacturer catalogue) X1 1.00 -
Radial load factor X2 (manufacturer catalogue) X2 0.40 -
Axial load factor Y1 (manufacturer catalog) Y1 0.00 -
Axial load factor Y2 (manufacturer catalog) Y2 1.39 -
Axial factor Y0 - -
Rotational speeds -
Speed limit nlimit - 1/min
Reference speed nref - 1/min
Bearing loads -
Rotational speed n - U/min
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu -37474.9 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv 116220.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw 45934.7 N
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007) Peq - N
Lubrication conditions -
Operating temperature T - °C
Life adjustment factor for operating conditions (ISO 281 2007) aISO - -
Contamination coefficient ec ec 0.50 -
Viscosity ratio κ - -
Life time factors -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Life adjustment factor (SKF catalog 2018) askf - -
Factor for operating conditions (DEA) aDEA - -
Table 135
Inner geometry
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Bearing row [1942]
Number of bearing rows i 1 -
Number of rolling elements z 17 -
Distance between the bearing rows dR - mm
Diameter of rolling element dw 45.500 mm
Effective length of rolling body Lwe 91.100 mm
Radius of raceway at inner ring Ri - mm
Radius of raceway at outer ring Ra - mm
Table 136
Operating clearance
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Bearing row [1942]
Bearing operating clearance 0.000 mm
Determination of bearing operating clearance - -
Bearing clearance -
Bearing clearance class User input -
Temperature difference between the inner and outer ring ΔTIR,OR - K
Bearing tolerance -
Bearing tolerance class - -
Minimum outer bearing diameter DB,min - mm
Maximum bearing outer diameter DB,max - mm
Minimum bearing inner diameter dB_min - mm
Maximum bearing inner diameter dB_max - mm
Shaft tolerance -
Shaft tolerance class -
Minimum shaft diameter dmin - mm
Maximum shaft diameter dmax - mm
Average roughness height of the shaft Rz - µm
Bore tolerance -
Tolerance class of bore -
Minimum casing bore diameter DH,min - mm
Maximum casing bore diameter DH,max - mm
Average roughness height of the bore Rz - µm
Table 137
Relative Forces and Deviations (Inner Ring to Outer Ring)
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Radial force in x-direction Frx -116219.96 N
Radial force in y-direction Fry -45934.66 N
Axial force in z-direction Fa 37474.86 N
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in y-direction δy -36.0 µm
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in x-direction δx -89.3 µm
Rel. axial displacement inner ring in z-direction δz -157.9 µm
Tilting moment around x-axis Mx -1888.21 Nm
Tilting moment around y-axis My 4797.34 Nm
Rel. tilting inner ring around x-axis wγ 0.04 mrad
Rel. tilting inner ring around y-axis wβ -0.05 mrad
Table 138
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 1
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 1
Start Animation
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 2
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 2
Start Animation
Life time ISO 281
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time ISO 281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time DIN 26281
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Life time DIN 26281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Life time INA/FAG
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time INA/FAG - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4)
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4) load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified lifetime with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time DEA
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
Life time DEA - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
SKF calculation service - ISO/TS 16281
Sym. Rolling bearing [78] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Viscosity ratio (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) κ - -
Contamination coefficient (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) eC - -
Dynamic equivalent reference load (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Pref - N
Lubricant with proven EP-Additives ✖ -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Radial bearing operating clearance srad 0.0 µm
Axial bearing operating clearance sax 0.0 µm
Table 139
Rolling bearing [79]
Rolling bearing 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 200
Forces on rolling elements
Start Animation
Figure 201
Bearing data
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Bearing row [1943] Bearing row [1944]
Catalogue name NNF 5038 ADA-2LSV -
Manufacturer FVA -
Bearing type Cylindrical roller bearing -
Weight - kg
Geometry -
Bearing inner diameter d 190.000 mm
Bearing outside diameter D 290.000 mm
Bearing width B 136.000 mm
Pressure angle α 0.00 0.00 °
Load factors -
Dynamic radial load rating CR 1130000 N
Static radial load rating C0R 2205000 N
Dynamic axial load rating CA - N
Static axial load rating C0A - N
SKF Explorer ✖ -
X-life ✖ -
Catalog factors -
Boundary value e (manufacturer catalogue) e 0.15 -
Radial load factor X1 (manufacturer catalogue) X1 1.00 -
Radial load factor X2 (manufacturer catalogue) X2 0.92 -
Axial load factor Y1 (manufacturer catalog) Y1 0.00 -
Axial load factor Y2 (manufacturer catalog) Y2 0.53 -
Axial factor Y0 - -
Rotational speeds -
Speed limit nlimit - 1/min
Reference speed nref - 1/min
Bearing loads -
Rotational speed n - U/min
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu -0.0 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv -67058.4 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw 20103.4 N
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007) Peq - N
Lubrication conditions -
Operating temperature T - °C
Life adjustment factor for operating conditions (ISO 281 2007) aISO - -
Contamination coefficient ec ec 0.50 -
Viscosity ratio κ - -
Life time factors -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Life adjustment factor (SKF catalog 2018) askf - -
Factor for operating conditions (DEA) aDEA - -
Table 140
Inner geometry
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Bearing row [1943] Bearing row [1944]
Number of bearing rows i 2 -
Number of rolling elements z 26 26 -
Distance between the bearing rows dR 68.00 mm
Diameter of rolling element dw 27.500 27.500 mm
Effective length of rolling body Lwe 39.400 39.400 mm
Radius of raceway at inner ring Ri - - mm
Radius of raceway at outer ring Ra - - mm
Table 141
Operating clearance
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Bearing row [1943] Bearing row [1944]
Bearing operating clearance 0.000 0.000 mm
Determination of bearing operating clearance User input -
Bearing clearance -
Bearing clearance class User input -
Temperature difference between the inner and outer ring ΔTIR,OR - K
Bearing tolerance -
Bearing tolerance class - -
Minimum outer bearing diameter DB,min - mm
Maximum bearing outer diameter DB,max - mm
Minimum bearing inner diameter dB_min - mm
Maximum bearing inner diameter dB_max - mm
Shaft tolerance -
Shaft tolerance class -
Minimum shaft diameter dmin - mm
Maximum shaft diameter dmax - mm
Average roughness height of the shaft Rz - µm
Bore tolerance -
Tolerance class of bore -
Minimum casing bore diameter DH,min - mm
Maximum casing bore diameter DH,max - mm
Average roughness height of the bore Rz - µm
Table 142
Relative Forces and Deviations (Inner Ring to Outer Ring)
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Radial force in x-direction Frx 67058.36 N
Radial force in y-direction Fry -20103.44 N
Axial force in z-direction Fa 0.00 N
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in y-direction δy -5.2 µm
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in x-direction δx 16.7 µm
Rel. axial displacement inner ring in z-direction δz 0.0 µm
Tilting moment around x-axis Mx 148.82 Nm
Tilting moment around y-axis My 1034.20 Nm
Rel. tilting inner ring around x-axis wγ 0.01 mrad
Rel. tilting inner ring around y-axis wβ 0.15 mrad
Table 143
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 1
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 1
Start Animation
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 2
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 2
Start Animation
Life time ISO 281
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time ISO 281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time DIN 26281
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Life time DIN 26281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Life time INA/FAG
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time INA/FAG - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4)
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4) load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified lifetime with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time DEA
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
Life time DEA - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
SKF calculation service - ISO/TS 16281
Sym. Rolling bearing [79] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Viscosity ratio (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) κ - -
Contamination coefficient (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) eC - -
Dynamic equivalent reference load (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Pref - N
Lubricant with proven EP-Additives ✖ -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Radial bearing operating clearance srad 0.0 µm
Axial bearing operating clearance sax 0.0 µm
Table 144
Rolling bearing [80]
Rolling bearing 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 202
Forces on rolling elements
Start Animation
Figure 203
Bearing data
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Bearing row [1945]
Catalogue name 7236 BCAM -
Manufacturer FVA -
Bearing type Angular contact ball bearing -
Weight - kg
Geometry -
Bearing inner diameter d 180.000 mm
Bearing outside diameter D 320.000 mm
Bearing width B 52.000 mm
Pressure angle α 40.00 °
Load factors -
Dynamic radial load rating CR 291000 N
Static radial load rating C0R 375000 N
Dynamic axial load rating CA - N
Static axial load rating C0A - N
SKF Explorer ✖ -
X-life ✖ -
Catalog factors -
Boundary value e (manufacturer catalogue) e 1.14 -
Radial load factor X1 (manufacturer catalogue) X1 1.00 -
Radial load factor X2 (manufacturer catalogue) X2 0.35 -
Axial load factor Y1 (manufacturer catalog) Y1 0.00 -
Axial load factor Y2 (manufacturer catalog) Y2 0.57 -
Axial factor Y0 - -
Rotational speeds -
Speed limit nlimit - 1/min
Reference speed nref - 1/min
Bearing loads -
Rotational speed n - U/min
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu 1654.4 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv -1916.5 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw 42.8 N
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007) Peq - N
Lubrication conditions -
Operating temperature T - °C
Life adjustment factor for operating conditions (ISO 281 2007) aISO - -
Contamination coefficient ec ec 0.50 -
Viscosity ratio κ - -
Life time factors -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Life adjustment factor (SKF catalog 2018) askf - -
Factor for operating conditions (DEA) aDEA - -
Table 145
Inner geometry
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Bearing row [1945]
Number of bearing rows i 1 -
Number of rolling elements z 17 -
Distance between the bearing rows dR - mm
Diameter of rolling element dw 42.860 mm
Effective length of rolling body Lwe - mm
Radius of raceway at inner ring Ri 22.290 mm
Radius of raceway at outer ring Ra 22.720 mm
Table 146
Operating clearance
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Bearing row [1945]
Bearing operating clearance 0.000 mm
Determination of bearing operating clearance - -
Bearing clearance -
Bearing clearance class User input -
Temperature difference between the inner and outer ring ΔTIR,OR - K
Bearing tolerance -
Bearing tolerance class - -
Minimum outer bearing diameter DB,min - mm
Maximum bearing outer diameter DB,max - mm
Minimum bearing inner diameter dB_min - mm
Maximum bearing inner diameter dB_max - mm
Shaft tolerance -
Shaft tolerance class -
Minimum shaft diameter dmin - mm
Maximum shaft diameter dmax - mm
Average roughness height of the shaft Rz - µm
Bore tolerance -
Tolerance class of bore -
Minimum casing bore diameter DH,min - mm
Maximum casing bore diameter DH,max - mm
Average roughness height of the bore Rz - µm
Table 147
Relative Forces and Deviations (Inner Ring to Outer Ring)
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Radial force in x-direction Frx 1916.54 N
Radial force in y-direction Fry -42.79 N
Axial force in z-direction Fa -1654.43 N
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in y-direction δy -2.1 µm
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in x-direction δx 44.1 µm
Rel. axial displacement inner ring in z-direction δz 26.7 µm
Tilting moment around x-axis Mx 4.22 Nm
Tilting moment around y-axis My 191.37 Nm
Rel. tilting inner ring around x-axis wγ -0.01 mrad
Rel. tilting inner ring around y-axis wβ -0.06 mrad
Table 148
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 1
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 1
Start Animation
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 2
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 2
Start Animation
Life time ISO 281
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time ISO 281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time DIN 26281
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Life time DIN 26281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Life time INA/FAG
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time INA/FAG - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4)
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4) load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified lifetime with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time DEA
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
Life time DEA - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
SKF calculation service - ISO/TS 16281
Sym. Rolling bearing [80] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Viscosity ratio (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) κ - -
Contamination coefficient (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) eC - -
Dynamic equivalent reference load (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Pref - N
Lubricant with proven EP-Additives ✖ -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Radial bearing operating clearance srad 0.0 µm
Axial bearing operating clearance sax 0.0 µm
Table 149
Rolling bearing [81]
Rolling bearing 3D image
Start Animation
Figure 204
Forces on rolling elements
Start Animation
Figure 205
Bearing data
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Bearing row [1946]
Catalogue name 7236 BCAM -
Manufacturer FVA -
Bearing type Angular contact ball bearing -
Weight - kg
Geometry -
Bearing inner diameter d 180.000 mm
Bearing outside diameter D 320.000 mm
Bearing width B 52.000 mm
Pressure angle α 40.00 °
Load factors -
Dynamic radial load rating CR 291000 N
Static radial load rating C0R 375000 N
Dynamic axial load rating CA - N
Static axial load rating C0A - N
SKF Explorer ✖ -
X-life ✖ -
Catalog factors -
Boundary value e (manufacturer catalogue) e 1.14 -
Radial load factor X1 (manufacturer catalogue) X1 1.00 -
Radial load factor X2 (manufacturer catalogue) X2 0.35 -
Axial load factor Y1 (manufacturer catalog) Y1 0.00 -
Axial load factor Y2 (manufacturer catalog) Y2 0.57 -
Axial factor Y0 - -
Rotational speeds -
Speed limit nlimit - 1/min
Reference speed nref - 1/min
Bearing loads -
Rotational speed n - U/min
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in u-direction Fu -29225.5 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in v-direction Fv -25066.8 N
Bearing reaction force on the inner ring in w-direction Fw 1459.4 N
Equivalent dynamic bearing load (ISO 281 2007) Peq - N
Lubrication conditions -
Operating temperature T - °C
Life adjustment factor for operating conditions (ISO 281 2007) aISO - -
Contamination coefficient ec ec 0.50 -
Viscosity ratio κ - -
Life time factors -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Life adjustment factor (SKF catalog 2018) askf - -
Factor for operating conditions (DEA) aDEA - -
Table 150
Inner geometry
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Bearing row [1946]
Number of bearing rows i 1 -
Number of rolling elements z 17 -
Distance between the bearing rows dR - mm
Diameter of rolling element dw 42.860 mm
Effective length of rolling body Lwe - mm
Radius of raceway at inner ring Ri 22.290 mm
Radius of raceway at outer ring Ra 22.720 mm
Table 151
Operating clearance
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Bearing row [1946]
Bearing operating clearance 0.000 mm
Determination of bearing operating clearance - -
Bearing clearance -
Bearing clearance class User input -
Temperature difference between the inner and outer ring ΔTIR,OR - K
Bearing tolerance -
Bearing tolerance class - -
Minimum outer bearing diameter DB,min - mm
Maximum bearing outer diameter DB,max - mm
Minimum bearing inner diameter dB_min - mm
Maximum bearing inner diameter dB_max - mm
Shaft tolerance -
Shaft tolerance class -
Minimum shaft diameter dmin - mm
Maximum shaft diameter dmax - mm
Average roughness height of the shaft Rz - µm
Bore tolerance -
Tolerance class of bore -
Minimum casing bore diameter DH,min - mm
Maximum casing bore diameter DH,max - mm
Average roughness height of the bore Rz - µm
Table 152
Relative Forces and Deviations (Inner Ring to Outer Ring)
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Radial force in x-direction Frx 25066.81 N
Radial force in y-direction Fry -1459.42 N
Axial force in z-direction Fa 29225.47 N
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in y-direction δy -1.4 µm
Rel. radial displacement inner ring in x-direction δx 40.5 µm
Rel. axial displacement inner ring in z-direction δz 26.4 µm
Tilting moment around x-axis Mx -155.36 Nm
Tilting moment around y-axis My -2635.09 Nm
Rel. tilting inner ring around x-axis wγ -0.01 mrad
Rel. tilting inner ring around y-axis wβ -0.05 mrad
Table 153
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 1
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 1
Start Animation
Hertzian contact stress bearing row 2
Start Animation
Pressure curve per rolling element row 2
Start Animation
Life time ISO 281
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time ISO 281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (ISO 281 2007) Lnmh - h
Life time DIN 26281
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Life time DIN 26281 - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmr,EP - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) Lnmrh,EP - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,FVA418 - h
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmr,EP,FVA418 - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life with EP additives, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008, FVA 418) Lnmrh,EP,FVA418 - h
Life time INA/FAG
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time INA/FAG - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (Schaeffler catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life (SKF catalogue 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time SKF catalogue - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10 - Mio. U
Nominal rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) L10h - h
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnm - Mio. U
Extended modified rating life, accumulated (SKF catalog 2018) Lnmh - h
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4)
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference lifetime acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time AGMA 6006 (ISO 81400-4) load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA - h
Modified rating life, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA - Mio. U
Modified lifetime with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnr,AGMA,EP - Mio. U
Modified rating life with EP additives, accumulated (AGMA 6006) Lnrh,AGMA,EP - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated acc. to AGMA 6006 L10r - Mio. U
Life time DEA
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
Life time DEA - load spectrum
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnm,DEA - Mio. U
Modified rating life, accumulated (DEA) Lnmh,DEA - h
SKF calculation service - ISO/TS 16281
Sym. Rolling bearing [81] Unit
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10r - Mio. U
Nominal reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Nominal reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) L10rh - h
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmr - Mio. U
Modified reference rating life (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Modified reference rating life, accumulated (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Lnmrh - h
Viscosity ratio (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) κ - -
Contamination coefficient (ISO 281:2007) (calculated by SKF) eC - -
Dynamic equivalent reference load (ISO/TS 16281:2008) (calculated by SKF) Pref - N
Lubricant with proven EP-Additives ✖ -
Life adjustment factor for reliability (ISO 281 2007) a1 - -
Radial bearing operating clearance srad 0.0 µm
Axial bearing operating clearance sax 0.0 µm
Table 154
EN-GJL-250 [1142]
General Material Data
Sym. EN-GJL-250 [1142] Unit
Material designation EN-GJL-250 -
Material type Cast iron (GG) -
Material group - DIN 743 Structural steel -
Material designation EN-GJL-250 -
Heat treatment None -
Subsequent treatment root None -
Modulus of elasticity E 100000 N/mm²
Shear modulus 38461.54 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio ν 0.30 -
Density ρ 7.85 kg/dm³
Tensile strength σB 250.00 N/mm²
Yield strength or offset yield point 165.00 N/mm²
Heat capacity cM 430.00 J/kgK
Thermal conductivity λM 40.00 W/m·K
Plastic deformation energy density - J/mm³
Deformation energy density total - J/mm³
Table 155
42CrMo4 [1143]
General Material Data
Sym. 42CrMo4 [1143] Unit
Material designation 42CrMo4 -
Material type Steel -
Material group - DIN 743 Tempering steel -
Material designation 42CrMo4 -
Heat treatment Hardened and tempered -
Subsequent treatment root None -
Modulus of elasticity E 210000 N/mm²
Shear modulus 80769.23 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio ν 0.30 -
Density ρ 7.85 kg/dm³
Tensile strength σB 1100.00 N/mm²
Yield strength or offset yield point 900.00 N/mm²
Heat capacity cM 430.00 J/kgK
Thermal conductivity λM 40.00 W/m·K
Plastic deformation energy density - J/mm³
Deformation energy density total - J/mm³
Table 156
18CrNiMo7-6 [1144]
General Material Data
Sym. 18CrNiMo7-6 [1144] Unit
Material designation 18CrNiMo7-6 -
Material type Steel -
Material group - DIN 743 Case hardening steel -
Material designation 18CrNiMo7-6 -
Heat treatment Case hardened -
Subsequent treatment root None -
Modulus of elasticity E 210000 N/mm²
Shear modulus 80769.23 N/mm²
Poisson's ratio ν 0.30 -
Density ρ 7.85 kg/dm³
Tensile strength σB 1200.00 N/mm²
Yield strength or offset yield point 850.00 N/mm²
Heat capacity cM 430.00 J/kgK
Thermal conductivity λM 40.00 W/m·K
Plastic deformation energy density - J/mm³
Deformation energy density total - J/mm³
Table 157
ISO-VG-320 [83]
General Lubricant Data
Sym. ISO-VG-320 [83] Unit
Lubricant designation ISO-VG-320 -
Lubricant type Mineral oil -
Nominal viscosity at 40 °C ν40 320.00 mm²/s
Nominal viscosity at 100 °C ν100 22.50 mm²/s
Viscosity index - -
Density at 15 °C ρ 0.90 kg/dm³
Pressure-viscosity coefficient at 38°C α38 - mm²/N
Thermal conductivity λ - W/m·K
Specific heat capacity c - J/kgK
Temperature viscosity exponent - -
Temperature coefficient - 1/K
Pressure-viscosity exponent α - m²/N
Pressure-viscosity coefficient - mm²/N
Viscosity-pressure-temperature exponent - 1/Pa
Table 158
ISO-VG-220 [1225]
General Lubricant Data
Sym. ISO-VG-220 [1225] Unit
Lubricant designation ISO-VG-220 -
Lubricant type Mineral oil -
Nominal viscosity at 40 °C ν40 220.00 mm²/s
Nominal viscosity at 100 °C ν100 19.00 mm²/s
Viscosity index - -
Density at 15 °C ρ 0.90 kg/dm³
Pressure-viscosity coefficient at 38°C α38 - mm²/N
Thermal conductivity λ - W/m·K
Specific heat capacity c - J/kgK
Temperature viscosity exponent - -
Temperature coefficient - 1/K
Pressure-viscosity exponent α - m²/N
Pressure-viscosity coefficient - mm²/N
Viscosity-pressure-temperature exponent - 1/Pa
Table 159
ISO-VG-100 [1226]
General Lubricant Data
Sym. ISO-VG-100 [1226] Unit
Lubricant designation ISO-VG-100 -
Lubricant type Mineral oil -
Nominal viscosity at 40 °C ν40 100.00 mm²/s
Nominal viscosity at 100 °C ν100 11.00 mm²/s
Viscosity index - -
Density at 15 °C ρ 0.88 kg/dm³
Pressure-viscosity coefficient at 38°C α38 - mm²/N
Thermal conductivity λ - W/m·K
Specific heat capacity c - J/kgK
Temperature viscosity exponent - -
Temperature coefficient - 1/K
Pressure-viscosity exponent α - m²/N
Pressure-viscosity coefficient 0.00 mm²/N
Viscosity-pressure-temperature exponent - 1/Pa
Table 160